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Trans Fat Alternative By Dharma R. Kodali, Gary R. List

Responding to government regulations that require declaration of the amount of trans fat present in foods, Trans Fats Alternatives provides cutting-edge research and insights into a this major industry issue. With contributions from major fats and oils suppliers, including Aarhus, ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Loders Croklaan, and Premium Vegetable Oils, the book covers the new regulations in detail, includes methods to analyze for trans fat, explores consumer reaction to trans fat labeling, discusses the nutrition facts, and supplies approaches to trans fat replacement/reformulation. It an indispensable guide for everyone who is interested in trans fats.

Contents

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Appendix

Preface ................................................ v

Contributors ........................................... ix

Trans Fats - Chemistry, Occurrence, Functional Need

in Foods and Potential Solutions

DharmaR. Kodali ....................................... 1

Trans Fat-New FDA Regulations

Julie Schrimpf-Moss and Virginia Wilkening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Nutritional Considerations of trans Fatty Acids

J. Edward Hunter. ....................................... 34

Determination of trans Fats by Gas Chromatography

and Infrared Methods

Magdi Mossoba, John K.G. Kramer, Pierluigi Delmonte,

Martin P, Yurawecz, and Jeanne I. Rader .................... 47

Dietary Guidelines, Processing, and Reformulation

for trans Reduction

G.R. List and Robert Reeves ............................... 7 1

Communicating with Consumers About trans Fat:

The Importance of Consumer Research

Shelley Goldberg, Susan T. Borra, and Diane Quagliani . . . . . . . . 87

Trans Fat Reformulation Is Not a Technical Objective!

Willie Loh .............................................. 96

Commercial Solutions .................................. 106

Aarhus United USA ...................................... 107

ADM NovaLipids ........................................ 110

Bunge Oils ............................................. 114

Cargill Specialty Oils ..................................... 1 17

Loders Croklaan ........................................ 119

Premium Vegetable Oils Sdn Bhd ........................... 124

Index ................................................. 129

Preface

The date January 1, 2006, is significant to all of us in the fats and oils industry. On

that date, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will require the mandatory declaration

of the amount of trans fat present in foods. The regulations do not require

food product manufacturers to reformulate their products to reduce/eliminate trans

fats, but it requires declaring the amount of trans fat in grams per serving on the

“Nutrition Facts” label. Since the FDA trans fats ruling two years ago, extensive

media coverage around the country has made the public aware of trans fats and their

influence on heart disease. The negative perception associated with trans fats has

strongly influenced the food product manufacturers to eliminate or reduce the trans

fats in their products. Scientists around the world are working to create solutions or

alternatives to the trans fat dilemma. In an effort to address this problem at this critical

juncture, we have gathered the best in the fats and oils business to create this

compendium to educate public and pundits of fats and oils alike to deal with the new

trans fat labeling requirements.

This book is principally for everyone who is interested to know more about trans

fats, food product manufacturers who would like to provide the trans fat solutions and

to the researchers who would like to create innovative solutions. Part of the inspiration

and the subject matter for this book comes from a one day symposium on “trans FATS

Food for Thought” that took place in Chicago a year ago. Fats and oils processors, food

product manufacturers, and researchers from industry, academia and government

attended this symposium. We hope this book will draw attention from a broad nontechnical

and technical audience.

The contents of this book can be divided into three parts. Chapters 1 to 3 covers

the background and the fundamental aspects of trans fats. Chapter 1 is a chemists’

view of the trans fats problem, the current status and an insight into possible future

solutions. Chapter 2 provides the background, scientific basis and the details of new

trans fats regulation. Chapter 3 discusses the collective summary of trans fats clinical

trials and the dietary guidelines from various professional health organizations.

The second part of the book from chapters 4 to 6 covers the practical aspects of trans

fats. Chapter 4 evaluates and summarizes the state-of-the-art analytical methods to

determine the trans fats. Chapter 5 gives an account of the trans fat problem, its

implications and the potential solutions. Chapter 6 provides insight into the consumer

interpretation of the trans fats information. The last part, chapter 7 and the Appendix,

deal with the commercial aspects of trans fats. Chapter 7 is a primer for food product

reformulators to consider various practical issues before making the decision on

a suitable solution(s). This chapter brings out the importance of various business

objectives before reformulation. The Appendix brings the reality of what actual commercial

solutions exist to address the trans fats in food products. Fats and oils suppliers,

such as Aarhus, ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Loders Croklaan, and Premium

Vegetable Oils address this issue by providing the actual trans fats solutions that they

currently offer to their customers.

Bringing this book to reality was a great challenge to contributors, the AOCS staff

and us, as it was compiled within a time span of 7 weeks. We greatly appreciate strong

commitment and cooperation from all the contributors. Without their unwavering

involvement, this book would not have been possible. We express our special thanks

to AOCS books, special publications committee members, and its chair for their

approval of the project. We gratefully acknowledge the help, guidance and the logistical

support from AOCS staff Jodey Schonfeld and Daryl Horrocks, as well as the editorial

help from Sithara Kodali.

We hope the information contained in this book helps ease the transition to the new

FDA regulations for trans fats. We invite readers to contact us and/or any of our contributors

with questions or comments to learn more. The readers can find more information

about the contributors from the short bio and the contact information provided

in the beginning of the book. We hope that this book provides a useful and timely reference

in an era of nutritional change in the United States that marks a paradigm shift

for fats and oils suppliers worldwide.

Dharma R. Kodali

Gary R. List

March 25,2005

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