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Lectures on Numerical Methods in Bifurcation Problems
Methods for Finding Zeros in Polynomials
Lectures on Stochastic Flows and Applications
Educational Psychology by Edward L. Thorndike
The Last Days of Tolstoy by V. G. Chertkov
Globalization and Responsibility
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A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
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Dollars and Sense by William Crosbie Hunter
The Theory of the Theatre by Clayton Hamilton
The Mathematics of Investment
Occupiers of Wall Street: Losers or Game Changers
The Solution of the Pyramid Problem
Lectures on Moduli of Curves
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
Methods for Finding Zeros in Polynomials
Lectures on Stochastic Flows and Applications
Educational Psychology by Edward L. Thorndike
The Last Days of Tolstoy by V. G. Chertkov
Globalization and Responsibility
Lectures on Siegel Modular Forms and Representation by Quadratic Forms
Lectures on Topics In One-Parameter Bifurcation Problems
History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
Linear Algebra: Theorems and Applications
Lectures on Stochastic Differential Equations and Malliavin Calculus
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
Lectures on Sieve Methods and Prime Number Theory
Dollars and Sense by William Crosbie Hunter
The Theory of the Theatre by Clayton Hamilton
The Mathematics of Investment
Occupiers of Wall Street: Losers or Game Changers
The Solution of the Pyramid Problem
Lectures on Moduli of Curves
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
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Free PDF: Technical Note No. 105 Understanding Java Inheritance
Posted on 2010-05-11
|
Summary: This note explains the concept of Java inheritance. Java inheritance must be stated very precisely. We know that constructors are not inherited. Class (static) fields and methods are not inherited. What, then, may be inherited? A child class inherits all accessible instance fields and instance methods of the parent class. Note the emphasis on the term & 8220;accessible.& 8221; This is a source of much confusion in the Java textbook market where authors sometimes misstate Java inheritance as & 8220;all instance fields and methods,& 8221;or worse, & 8220;all fields and methods. & 8220;1 This is confusing to the Java student because in good program design, the most common accessibility modifier for instance fields is private. But, private instance fields are not inherited, as is clearly stated by the creators of the Java language The confusion here is compounded by the fact that inheritance brings about memory allocation for private instance fields as well as for those that have some level of visibility outside of the class. But, the student may rest assured that memory is also allocated for other non-inherited variables, e.g., static fields, so the concept of Java inheritance is not inconsistent at all, just limited to accessible instance fields and methods. If a derived class wants to access the private instance fields of its parent class, it must do so like everybody else, viz., through getter and setter methods—if any—in the parent class. Although constructors aren& 8217;t inherited, inheritance affects the base class constructors. The key to understanding constructors in a derived class is knowing what happens when we create an object of a derived class type. Object creation via the new operator causes the derived class constructor to be called as usual. This in turn causes the base class default constructor to be called. The reason this second, implicit call to the base class constructor occurs is because the derived class needs to initialize any base class instance variables that it has inherited. Normally, we don& 8217;t want this second step to occur behind the scenes. Instead, we want to have our derived class constructor call the base class constructor explicitly . This is done with super() or super( parameter list ). This invocation of a base class constructor must occur in the first line of the derived class default constructor. The invocation is chained to each ancestor class all the way to the Object class. This is called constructor chaining. Finally, in Java, a child class may inherit from just one parent. Multiple inheritance of classes is not permitted in Java. A class may implement multiple interfaces, however Technical Note No. 105 Understanding Java Inheritance.Pdf
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