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Lectures on Numerical Methods in Bifurcation Problems
Methods for Finding Zeros in Polynomials
Lectures on Stochastic Flows and Applications
Educational Psychology by Edward L. Thorndike
The Last Days of Tolstoy by V. G. Chertkov
Globalization and Responsibility
Lectures on Siegel Modular Forms and Representation by Quadratic Forms
Lectures on Topics In One-Parameter Bifurcation Problems
History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
Linear Algebra: Theorems and Applications
Lectures on Stochastic Differential Equations and Malliavin Calculus
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
Lectures on Sieve Methods and Prime Number Theory
Dollars and Sense by William Crosbie Hunter
The Theory of the Theatre by Clayton Hamilton
The Mathematics of Investment
Occupiers of Wall Street: Losers or Game Changers
The Solution of the Pyramid Problem
Lectures on Moduli of Curves
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
Methods for Finding Zeros in Polynomials
Lectures on Stochastic Flows and Applications
Educational Psychology by Edward L. Thorndike
The Last Days of Tolstoy by V. G. Chertkov
Globalization and Responsibility
Lectures on Siegel Modular Forms and Representation by Quadratic Forms
Lectures on Topics In One-Parameter Bifurcation Problems
History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
Linear Algebra: Theorems and Applications
Lectures on Stochastic Differential Equations and Malliavin Calculus
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
Lectures on Sieve Methods and Prime Number Theory
Dollars and Sense by William Crosbie Hunter
The Theory of the Theatre by Clayton Hamilton
The Mathematics of Investment
Occupiers of Wall Street: Losers or Game Changers
The Solution of the Pyramid Problem
Lectures on Moduli of Curves
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
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物流管理串讲
Posted on 2010-04-28
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一、现代物流作为新兴的产业在世界范围蓬勃兴起 物流活动存在已久,“物流”的概念于20世纪初在西方发达国家产生。进入80年代以来,美、日、欧等发达国家开始了一场对各种物流功能、要素进行整合的“物流革命”。 首先,是企业内部物流资源整合和一体化,之后,物流资源整合和一体化扩展到企业之间相互联系、分工协作的整个产业链条,形成了以供应链管理为核心的物流系统。在此基础上,出现了为工商企业和消费者提供专业化服务的“第三方物流企业”。 目前,美、日、欧等发达国家和地区已经形成了由完善的物流基地设施、高效的物流信息平台和比较发达的第三方物流企业组成的社会化物流服务体系,现代物流产业对社会、经济发展的贡献越来越大。因此,国际上普遍把现代物流称作“第三利润源泉”和现代经济的“加速器”。 二、我国发展现代物流产业的潜力和前景 流通速度、特别是物流速度,是目前制约我国产业升级的瓶颈。 一是成本高。据世界银行的推测,我国的物流费用占GDP的比重约为16.7%,业内人士估算可能在20%或以上,比发达国家高出1倍左右。 二是周转慢。有关专家分析,在商品的整个生产过程中,用于加工和制造的时间,还不到10%,而90%以上的时间被物流过程所占用。2000年我国工业企业流动资金年周转速度为1.62次。而日本制造业的年均周转速度为15至18次,一些知名的跨国连锁企业,沃尔玛、家乐福等已达到20-30次。 三是库存大。据统计,到2000年底,我国库存商品沉淀的资金高达4万亿元,占当年GDP近50%。目前国际公认的库存商品与GDP的比例,发达国家一般不超过1%,发展中国家也不过5%。 四是效率低。传统物流各自为阵的组织形式,分散、低效、高耗的运行方式,损失浪费十分惊人。一件商品从生产出来到消费者手中,要经过十几次的搬运、装卸,长时间的储存、保管,因此造成的全国物资损耗约在3000亿元以上。 五是传统流通方式仍然占有相当大的比例。有资料显示,美国、日本等国家使用第三方物流企业的比例已达30%以上。而在我国的工业企业中,把原材料物流交给第三方物流的占18%,把销售物流交给第三方的仅占16%。这些方面的明显差距,正是我国物流产业发展的巨大潜力。 我国已经具备了加速发展现代物流产业的基本条件 一是物流需求量大。经过20多年改革开放,我国综合国力显著增强,经济总量已跃居世界第7位,粮食等农产品和煤、钢等工业产品产量居世界首位,全国货物周转量4万亿吨公里,进出境集装箱超过2500万标箱。在向“经济大国”迈进的过程中,我国正在成为“物流大国”。 二是基础设施发展快。按照2000年的统计,我国铁路营业里程5.87万公里,公路里程140.27万公里,内河航道里程11.93万公里,民航里程150.29万公里,管道运输里程2.47万公里;电信网络干线光缆超过30万公里;仅商业、粮食、物资、供销和外贸等流通领域的仓库面积就
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