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More Wine Encyclopedia

Wine encyclopedia by Eliza Martin



Table of Contents

1. Origin

2. History

3. Collection

4. Production

5. Availability

6. Serving Techniques

Preview

The North American continent is home to several native species of grape, including Vitis

labrusca, Vitis riparia, Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis vulpina, and Vitis amurensis, but it was

the introduction of the European Vitis vinifera by European settlers that led to the growth

of the wine making industry. With more than 1,100,000 acres (4,500 km?) under vine, the

US is the fifth most planted country in the world after France, Italy, Spain and Turkey.

History

History of American wine

The first Europeans to explore North America called it Vinland because of the profusion

of grape vines they found. The earliest wine made in what is now the United States was

from the Scuppernong grapes by French Huguenot settlers at a settlement near

Jacksonville, Florida between 1562 ? 1564. In the early American colonies of Virginia

and the Carolinas, wine making was an official goal laid out in their founding charters.

However, settlers would later discover that the wine made from the various native grapes

had flavors which were unfamiliar and which they did not like. This led to repeated

efforts to grow familiar Vitis vinifera varieties beginning with the Virginia Company

exporting of French vinifera vines with French vignerons to Virginia in 1619. These early

plantings were met with failure as native pest and vine disease ravaged the vineyards. In

1683, William Penn planted a vineyard of French vinifera in Pennsylvania that may have

interbred with a native Vitis labrusca vine to create the hybrid grape Alexander. One of

the first commercial wineries in the US was founded in Indiana in 1806 with production

of wine made from the Alexander grape. Today French-American hybrid grapes are the

staples of wine production on the East Coast of the United States.

In California, the first vineyard and winery was established by the Franciscan missionary

Jun?pero Serra near San Diego in 1769. Later missionaries would carry the vines

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