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Prof. Philippe Quevauviller, Ulrich Borchers, Clive Thompson, Tristan Simonart, “The Water Framework Directive: Ecological and Chemical Status Monitoring”

Deals with new EC legislation – the Water Framework Directive; the main driver within Europe for groundwater monitoring which addresses integrated water resource management across 27 different countries

Provides comprehensive approach and guidance on the theoretical and practical aspects for implementing the directive

Edited by EC representatives involved in the setting up of the framework, along with colleagues in various water institutions who have the task of implementing the legislation

Part of the Water Quality Measurement Series

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Contents

Series Preface ix

Preface xi

List of Contributors xiii

SECTION 1 GENERAL WFD MONITORING FEATURES 1

1.1 Water Status Monitoring under the WFD 3

1.2 Chemical Monitoring of Surface Waters 11

1.3 The Monitoring of Ecological Status of European Freshwaters 29

SECTION 2 CASE STUDIES ON MONITORING DIFFERENT AQUATIC ENVIRONMENTS UNDER THE WFD 61

2.1 Lake Monitoring in Sweden 63

2.2 River Monitoring 77

2.3 Groundwater Monitoring: Implementation in Two Member States 87

2.4 Coastal and Marine Monitoring 103

SECTION 3 ANALYTICAL TOOLS IN SUPPORT OF WFD MONITORING 131

3.1 Emerging Methods for Water Monitoring in the Context of the WFD 133

3.2 Diagnostic Water Quality Instruments for Use in the European Water Framework Directive 153

SECTION 4 MODELLING TOOLS IN SUPPORT OF WFD MONITORING 163

4.1 Joint Modelling and Monitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems 165

4.2 Integrated River Basin Management: Harmonised Modelling Tools and Decision-making Process 181

SECTION 5 HYDROGEOLOGICAL COMPONENTS AND GROUNDWATER STATUS 195

5.1 Groundwater Quality Monitoring: The Overriding Importance of Hydrogeologic Typology (and Need for 4D Thinking) 197

5.2 Contribution of Hydrogeological Mapping to Water Monitoring Programmes 215

5.3 Establishing Environmental Groundwater Quality Standards 229

SECTION 6 SEDIMENT MONITORING 241

6.1 Sediment Dynamics and their Influence on the Design of Monitoring Programmes 243

6.2 Monitoring Sediment Quality Using Toxicity Tests as Primary Tools for any Risk Assessment 255

SECTION 7 RISK ASSESSMENT LINKED TO MONITORING 271

7.1 River Basin Risk Assessment Linked to Monitoring and Management 273

7.2 Emerging Contaminants in the Water-sediment System: Case Studies of Pharmaceuticals and Brominated Flame Retardants in the Ebro River Basin 287

7.3 Assessment of Metal Bioavailability and Natural Background Levels – WFD Monitoring from the Perspective of Metals Industry 299

7.4 Freshwater Ecosystem Responses to Climate Change: the Euro-limpacs Project 313

SECTION 8 ENSURING DATA QUALITY 355

8.1 NORMAN – Network of Reference Laboratories for Monitoring of Emerging Substances 357

8.2 Data Quality Assurance of Sediment Monitoring 371

SECTION 9 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS 387

9.1 Reporting Requirements for Priority Substances 389

SECTION 10 CONCLUSIONS 409

10.1 Needs for an Operational Science–Policy Mechanism in Support of WFD Monitoring – National and Regional Examples 411

10.2 Support for WFD Research Needs: Current Activities and Future Perspectives in the Context of RTD Framework Programmes 445

Index

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