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As commodity prices soared in 2007–08, fears of a world food crisis threatening the livelihoods of millions of people and causing widespread hunger and poverty triggered high-level meetings to decide on immediate measures to mitigate the impacts of high prices on the world’s poorest and most vulnerable populations.

presents the latest statistics on global undernourishment. It reviews the impact of high food prices and concludes that chronic hunger in the world has increased rapidly, now affecting well over 900 million people, and placing tremendous pressure on achieving hunger reduction targets set for 2015 by the 1996 World Food Summit and as agreed under the first Millennium Development Goal. This report finds that high food prices hit the poorest, landless and femaleheaded households hardest, affecting real incomes and raising the prevalence of food insecurity and malnutrition among the poor by reducing the quantity and quality of food consumed. Governments worldwide have adopted measures to contain the negative impacts of high food prices. However, these have had limited effect, with some proving detrimental to world price levels and stability.

This report also examines how high food prices present an opportunity to relaunch smallholder agriculture in the developing world. With appropriate incentives, farming households could see immediate gains, while other rural households could benefit in the longer run. The report advocates FAO’s comprehensive twin-track approach to address the adverse impacts of high food prices on world hunger. The strategy should include measures to enable the agriculture sector, especially smallholders in developing countries, to respond to high food prices, while also implementing targeted safety nets and social protection programmes for the most food-insecure and vulnerable.

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