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The Social Construction of Disease (US$170)

The Social Construction of Disease (Routledge Studies in the History of Science, Technology & Medicine)

By Kim

* Publisher: Routledge

* Number Of Pages: 253

* Publication Date: 2006-12-06

* ISBN-10 / ASIN: 041536051X

* ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780415360517

* Binding: Hardcover

Product Description:

On 6 October 1997, the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute announced the award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for 1997 to Stanley Prusiner for his discovery of ‘Prions – a new biological principle of infection’ (Karolinska Institute 1997). The Nobel Committee explained that Prusiner had added prions to the list of well-known infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. According to Prusiner, a prion is not a virus or a bacterium, but a protein devoid of nucleic acids and RNA. Prions were held to be responsible for a category of diseases that has become known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) or prion diseases, including scrapie (sheep and goats), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (known as BSE or ‘mad cow disease’ in cattle), transmissible mink encephalopathy (mink), chronic wasting disease (deer), kuru (humans), Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (humans), Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker syndrome (humans) and fatal familial insomnia (humans). After the novel theory of infection was suggested in Science in 1982 (Prusiner 1982a), the scienti?c community entered a long period of controversy. The prion theory was denounced by many scientists as ‘heretical’, because it suggested that the agent was proteinaceous in nature; it was therefore seen as a direct challenge to the conventional wisdom of molecular biology, according to which only nucleic acids could embody and transfer information. Subsequently, in? uential sections of the wider scienti? c community gradually accepted Prusiner’s once-heretical idea. Nevertheless, throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the two opposite scienti? c camps failed to reach agreement on the meaning of their scienti? c results.

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