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Jorge N. Ferrer, Jacob H. Sherman, ""

Cuts through traditional debates to argue that religious phenomena are cocreated by human cognition and a generative spiritual power.

"Although a disturbing lifelessness never fails to haunt what scientist-philosopher Lancelot Law Whyte diagnosed as a total obsession with partial ideas, scholars and philosophers have resorted to monolithic explanations of spirituality with dull regularity: It's direct from God. It's linguistic. It's hierarchical, or neurological; culture-bound, or perennial; something your mom or dad told you to conform to.

By refreshing contrast, The Participatory Turn asks: Can we recognize and value many paths to many co-created mansions of the sacred? Can we learn to see the frameworks we apply as furnishing examples of spiritual enactment, of a "participatory turn" toward a true plurality invigorating spiritual life, rather than standing aloof being descriptive or merely explanatory?

For the scholars of this anthology---all of whom engage in a spiritual practice---a participatory turn in religious studies means welcoming in the many facets of exuberant religiosity, including the gendered, the erotic, the sensual, the local, the nonverbal, and, yes, the linguistic too. Emphasizing the interactive nature of embodied spirituality, the participatory set of approaches avoids overarching summations, empirical reductions, and 19th-Century grand conceptual systems to left instead on spirituality as both constructed and revealed, embedded in culture rather than built by it, and resistant to reckless transplantation into artificially imposed grids of competitive elucidation.

Religions and spiritual paths do share commonalities, one of which is that most seek a gradual transformation from narrow self-centeredness toward a fuller participation in the mystery of existence" (p. 138). I would add that "self-centeredness" includes what Erich Fromm identified as group narcissism (our way or the highway) as well as idealization of the lone genius, scientist, or guru who purports to explain existence to us, as though one leaf could inform the rest of the true extent of the forest, let alone of a single tree.

At the same time, paths bent to serve an overriding goal of mapping or explaining the world tend to lose their original curvatures, byways, and departures to a Roman Empire-style system of straight lines and cleared landscapes. When witnessed in their natural context, however, the many windings among the realms and worlds of spirit are allowed their full transformational vitality, a vitality that frees the participant to innovate and experiment with a path's original insights, stories, and wisdom teachings. Here a body-based imagination enters in to season critical appreciation with a capacity for dissolving the blockage of reified religious and philosophical constructs which have forgotten they are working fictions and sketches rather than absolute truths.

The book's full Introduction lays out the book's rationale and organization and includes a valuable overview of scholarly thought in religious studies. The varied points of view are themselves a mark of the irrepressible plurality at work in spiritual exploration through which transcendent dimensions shine like rays of light through stained-glass windows.

As a depth psychologist I appreciate the participatory deliteralizing of what the Introduction describes as static essences, spiritual hierarchies, and universal metaphysical paradigms. I am deeply suspicious of conceptual systems that seek philosophical or spiritual primacy over other perspectives, especially when those systems place themselves beyond investigation as possible examples of unconscious theologizing. The brutal empire-era logic of triumphalism is an old and weary one; whether different approaches are "lovingly" criticized for being unorthodox, mistaken, or unevolved makes no real psychological difference. Very often the most totalistic views are actually the most confining, the most covertly authoritarian, and the least friendly to genuine dialogue. They also favor goals and levels and a rhetoric of Progress to the detriment of enjoying the journey itself.

In terms of the book's organization, its first section is more philosophical and theoretical in tone, and the second more geared toward actual application of participatory modes of spirituality. Approaches range from scientific to Buddhist to Hindu to Jewish, Christian, and Islamic mysticism, with Bergson and Aivanhov included for good measure.

As the author of Terrapsychology: Reengaging The Soul Of Place, I look forward eagerly to how the participatory turn will also foster a wider appreciation for the animated presence of the landscapes around us, disenchanted and under industrial siege but unceasing in their potent subvocal claims upon the psyches of their inhabitants." - reader's review.

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