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Soviet Eastern Policy and Turkey, 1920-1991 (Routledge Studies in the History of Russia and Eastern Europe)

Gokay provides an enlightening book that traces the relationship between the Soviet Union and Turkey on the one hand, and the Soviet Union and the Turkish Communist Party on the other, from the consolidation of the communist regime in Moscow until its fall. The book considers how 'Soviet Eastern Policy' was formed, how it changed over time, what the Soviet leaders hoped to gain in Turkey, and what impact Soviet policy had on the development of the Turkish communist movement. It is a valuable resource for students and scholars with an interest in Russian and Soviet politics and international relations.

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Contents

Foreword ix

Acknowledgements xi

Abbreviations and terms xii

1 Introduction 1

Understanding Soviet foreign policy 3

‘Soviet Eastern policy’ 6

Soviet Eastern policy and Turkey 9

2 The opening act 14

End of the First World War: the Soviet Union and Turkey 14

Initial contacts 16

A strong wind blows from the East 20

Murder in the Black Sea 23

A British spy in Ankara 30

Budu Mdivani 32

3 The inter-war years 36

The 1925 Kurdish Revolt and the beginning of illegality for the communists 39

Nazim Hikmet: poet of revolution 42

Sefik Husnü’s Aydinlik and the Komintern 44

4 The Second World War years 48

Turkish ‘neutrality’ 50

Struggle against fascism and single-party dictatorship, 1943–46 56

Stalin: the ‘new’ Tsar decides to take the Straits 59

5 The Cold War starts 63

Turning Turkey into a ‘Little America’ 71

Turkish troops in Korea and suppression of communists at home 72

Turkish ‘contra-guerrillas’ and ‘revolution by radio’ 76

6 The door opens 81

The 27 May 1960 military coup 86

A brave new beginning: a legal socialist party, 1961–71 88

The 1968 generation in Turkey 90

Revolutionary trade unions 93

The military coup of 1971 95

7 The 1974–80 period 98

1973: a great leap forward 100

Cyprus and the Turkish communists 102

May Day 1977 and ‘deep state’ 107

‘Communist police’ – towards a civil war, 1978–79 108

8 Finale: ‘Workers of the world, we’re sorry’ 111

The military coup of September 1980 113

The end of the Party 115

Communism in Turkey in retrospect 117

Appendices 119

1 Baku Congress of the Peoples of the East 119

2 TKP Central Committee’s May Day Statement, 1930 124

3 Statement of the new policy of the TKP, 1936 125

4 A British secret report on ‘Communism in Turkey’, 1951 126

5 Nazim’s poem on Hacioglu Salih 132

6 A member of the TKP describes why he joined the Party 133

7 Report of the ILO on members of the DISK in prison 135

Illustrations 143

Notes 151

Select bibliography 169

Index 180

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