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"Compressibility of Sandstones" by Robert W. Zimmerman

Developments in Petroleum Science, 29

This book presents a comprehensive treatment of the elastic volumetric response of sandstones to variations in stress. The theory and data presented apply to the deformations that occur, for example, due to withdrawal of fluid from a reservoir, or due to the redistribution of stresses caused by the drilling of a borehole. Deformations that occur over geologic time scales are in general excluded, since such processes involve chemical and thermal effects in addition to purely mechanical deformation.

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Part One concerns the effect of stress on deformation and discusses porous rock compressibility coefficients. Elasticity theory is used to derive relationships between the porous rock compressibility coefficients, the porosity, and the mineral grain compressibility. Theoretical bounds on the compressibility coefficients are derived. The concept of effective stress coefficients is examined, as is the integrated form of the stress-strain relationships. Undrained compression and induced pore pressures are treated within the same general framework. Part One is concluded with a brief, elementary introduction to Biot's theory of poroelasticity. All the results in Part One are illustrated and verified with extensive references to published compressibility data.

Part Two deals with the relationship between pore structure and compressibility, and presents methods that permit quantitative prediction of the compressibility coefficients. Two- and three-dimensional models of tubular pores, spheroidal pores, and crack-like "grain boundary" voids are analyzed. A critical review is made of various methods that have been proposed to relate the effective elastic moduli (bulk and shear) of a porous material to its pore structure. Methods for extracting pore aspect ratio distributions from stress-strain data or from acoustic measurements are presented, along with applications to actual sandstone data.

Part Three is a brief summary of experimental techniques that are used to measure porous rock compressibilities in the laboratory. The information contained in this volume is of interest to petroleum engineers, specifically those involved with reservoir modeling, petroleum geologists, geotechnical engineers, hydrologists and geophysicists.

Contents

PART ONE: COMPRESSIBILITY AND STRESS

Chapter 1. Definitions of Porous Rock Compressibilities

Chapter 2. Relationships Between the Compressibilities

Chapter 3. Bounds on the Compressibilities

Chapter 4. Effective Stress Coefficients

Chapter 5. Integrated Stress-Strain Relations

Chapter 6. Undrained Compression

Chapter 7. Introduction to Poroelasticity Theory

PART TWO: COMPRESSIBILITY AND PORE STRUCTURE

Chapter 8. Tubular Pores

Chapter 9. Two-Dimensional Cracks

Chapter 10. Spheroidal Pores

Chapter 11. Effective Elastic Moduli

Chapter 12. Aspect Ratio Distributions

PART THREE: COMPRESSIBILITY MEASUREMENTS

Chapter 13. Laboratory Measurements of Compressibilities

Nomenclature

References

Author Index

Subject Index

with TOC BookMarkLinks

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