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Table of ContentsPreface

Chapter 1. Water Systems Piping

Introduction

Properties of Water

Mass and Weight

Density and Specific Weight

Specific Gravity

Viscosity

Pressure

Velocity

Reynolds Number

Types of Flow

Pressure Drop Due to Friction

Bernoulli's Equation

Darcy Equation

Colebrook-White Equation

Moody Diagram

Hazen-Williams Equation

Manning Equation

Minor Losses

Valves and Fittings

Pipe Enlargement and Reduction

Pipe Entrance and Exit Losses

Complex Piping Systems

Series Piping

Parallel Piping

Total Pressure Required

Effect of Elevation

Tight Line Operation

Slack Line Flow

Hydraulic Gradient

Gravity Flow

Pumping Horsepower

Pumps

Positive Displacement Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps

Pumps In Series and Parallel

System Head Curve

Pump Curve versus System Head Curve

Flow Injections and Deliveries

Valves and Fittings

Pipe Stress Analysis

Pipeline Economics

Chapter 2. Fire Protection Piping Systems

Introduction

Fire Protection Codes and Standards

Types of Fire Protection Piping

Belowground Piping

Aboveground Piping

Hydrants and Sprinklers

Design of Piping System

Pressure

Velocity

Pressure Drop Due to Friction

Reynolds Number

Types of Flow

Darcy-Welsbach Equation

Moody Diagram

Hazen-Williams Equation

Friction Loss Tables

Losses In Valves and Fittings

Complex Piping Systems

Pipe Materials

Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps

Net Positive Suction Head

System Head Curve

Pump Curve versus System Head Curve

Sprinkler System Design

Chapter 3. Wastewater and Stormwater Piping

Introduction

Properties of Wastewater and Stormwater

Mass and Weight

Density and Specific Weight

Volume

Specific Gravity

Viscosity

Pressure

Velocity

Reynolds Number

Types of Flow

Pressure Drop Due to Friction

Manning Equation

Darcy Equation

Colebrook-White Equation

Moody Diagram

Hazen-Williams Equation

Minor Losses

Valves and Fittings

Pipe Enlargement and Reduction

Pipe Entrance and Exit Losses

Sewer Piping Systems

Sanitary Sewer System Design

Self-Cleansing Velocity

Storm Sewer Design

Time of Concentration

Runoff Rate

Complex Piping Systems

Series Piping

Parallel Piping

Total Pressure Required

Effect of Elevation

Tight Line Operation

Slack Line Flow

Hydraulic Gradient

Gravity Flow

Pumping Horsepower

Pumps

Positive Displacement Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps

Pipe Materials

Loads on Sewer Pipe

Chapter 4. Steam Systems Piping

Introduction

Codes and Standards

Types of Steam Systems Piping

Properties of Steam

Enthalpy

Specific Heat

Pressure

Steam Tables

Superheated Steam

Volume

Viscosity

Pipe Materials

Velocity of Steam Flow in Pipes

Pressure Drop

Darcy Equation for Pressure Drop

Colebrook-White Equation

Unwin Formula

Babcock Formula

Fritzche's Equation

Nozzles and Orifices

Pipe Wall Thickness

Determining Pipe Size

Valves and Fittings

Minor Losses

Pipe Enlargement and Reduction

Pipe Entrance and Exit Losses

Chapter 5. Compressed-Air Systems Piping

Introduction

Properties of Air

Relative Humidity

Humidity Ratio

Fans, Blowers, and Compressors

Flow of Compressed Air

Free Air, Standard Air, and Actual Air

Isothermal Flow

Adiabatic Flow

Isentropic Flow

Pressure Drop in Piping

Darcy Equation

Churchill Equation

Swamee-Jain Equation

Harris Formula

Fritzsche Formula

Unwin Formula

Spitzglass Formula

Weymouth Formula

Minor Losses

Flow of Air through Nozzles

Flow through a Restriction

Chapter 6. Oil Systems Piping

Introduction

Density, Specific Weight, and Specific Gravity

Specific Gravity of Blended Products

Viscosity

Viscosity of Blended Products

Bulk Modulus

Vapor Pressure

Pressure

Velocity

Reynolds Number

Types of Flow

Pressure Drop Due to Friction

Bernoulli's Equation

Darcy Equation

Colebrook-White Equation

Moody Diagram

Hazen-Williams Equation

Miller Equation

Shell-MIT Equation

Other Pressure Drop Equations

Minor Losses

Valves and Fittings

Pipe Enlargement and Reduction

Pipe Entrance and Exit Losses

Complex Piping Systems

Series Piping

Parallel Piping

Total Pressure Required

Effect of Elevation

Tight Line Operation

Hydraulic Gradient

Pumping Horsepower

Pumps

Positive Displacement Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps

Net Positive Suction Head

Specific Speed

Effect of Viscosity and Gravity on Pump Performance

Valves and Fittings

Pipe Stress Analysis

Pipeline Economics

Chapter 7. Gas Systems Piping Introduction

Gas Properties

Mass

Volume

Density

Specific Gravity

Viscosity

Ideal Gases

Real Gases

Natural Gas Mixtures

Compressibility Factor

Heating Value

Calculating Properties of Gas Mixtures

Pressure Drop Due to Friction

Velocity

Reynolds Number

Pressure Drop Equations

Transmission Factor and Friction Factor

Line Pack in Gas Pipeline

Pipes in Series

Pipes in Parallel

Looping Pipelines

Gas Compressors

Isothermal Compression

Adiabatic Compression

Discharge Temperature of Compressed Gas

Compressor Horsepower

Pipe Stress Analysis

Pipeline Economics

Chapter 8. Fuel Gas Distribution Piping Systems

Introduction

Codes and Standards

Types of Fuel Gas

Gas Properties

Fuel Gas System Pressures

Fuel Gas System Components

Fuel Gas Pipe Sizing

Pipe Materials

Pressure Testing

LPG Transportation

Velocity

Reynolds Number

Types of Flow

Pressure Drop Due to Friction

Darcy Equation

Colebrook-White Equation

Moody Diagram

Minor Losses

Valves and Fittings

Pipe Enlargement and Reduction

Pipe Entrance and Exit Losses

Total Pressure Required

Effect of Elevation

Pump Stations Required

Tight Line Operation

Hydraulic Gradient

Pumping Horsepower

LPG Storage

LPG Tank and Pipe Sizing

Chapter 9. Cryogenic and Refrigeration Systems Piping

Introduction

Codes and Standards

Cryogenic Fluids and Refrigerants

Pressure Drop and Pipe Sizing

Single-Phase Liquid Flow

Single-Phase Gas Flow

Two-Phase Flow

Refrigeration Piping

Piping Materials

Chapter 10. Slurry and Sludge Systems Piping

Introduction

Physical Properties

Newtonian and Nonnewtonian Fluids

Bingham Plastic Fluids

Pseudo-Plastic Fluids

Yield Pseudo-Plastic Fluids

Flow of Newtonian Fluids

Flow of Nonnewtonian Fluids

Laminar Flow of Nonnewtonian Fluids

Turbulent Flow of Nonnewtonian Fluids

Homogenous and Heterogeneous Flow

Homogenous Flow

Heterogeneous Flow

Pressure Loss in Slurry Pipelines with Heterogeneous Flow

Appendix A. Units and Conversions

Appendix B. Pipe Properties (U.S. Customary System of Units)

Appendix C. Viscosity Corrected Pump Performance

References

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