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Nuclear Production of Hydrogen

Fourth Information Exchange Meeting, Oakbrook, Illinois, USA, 14-16 April 2009

Hydrogen has the potential to play an important role as a sustainable and environmentally acceptable energy carrier in the 21st century. This report describes the scientific and technical challenges associated with the production of hydrogen using heat and/or electricity from nuclear power plants, with special emphasis on recent developments in high-temperature electrolysis and the use of different chemical thermodynamic processes. Economics and market analysis as well as safety aspects of the nuclear production of hydrogen are also discussed.

The use of hydrogen, both as feedstock for the industry (oil and chemical) and as an energy carrier, is expected to grow substantially during the coming decades. The current predominant method of producing hydrogen by steam-reforming methane (from natural gas) is not sustainable and has environmental drawbacks, including the emission of greenhouse gasses (GHGs). Nuclear energy offers a way to produce hydrogen from water without depleting natural gas, a valuable natural resource, and without the emission of GHGs.

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Table of Contents

Foreword

Executive summary

Changing the world with hydrogen and nuclear

Programme overview

Nuclear hydrogen production programme in the United States

French research strategy to use nuclear reactors for hydrogen production

Present status of HTGR and hydrogen production development in JAEA

Status of the Korean nuclear hydrogen production project

The concept of nuclear hydrogen production based on MHR-T reactor

Canadian nuclear hydrogen R&D programme

High-temperature electrolysis

Status of the INL high-temperature electrolysis research programme – experimental and modelling

High-temperature steam electrolysis for hydrogen production

Materials development for SOEC

A metallic seal for high-temperature electrolysis stacks

Degradation mechanisms in solid oxide electrolysis anodes

Causes of degradation in a solid oxide electrolysis stack

Nuclear hydrogen using high temperature electrolysis and light water reactors for peak electricity production

Thermochemical sulphur process

CEA assessment of the sulphur-iodine cycle for hydrogen production

Status of the INERI sulphur-iodine integrated-loop experiment

Influence of HTR core inlet and outlet temperatures on hydrogen generation efficiency using the sulphur-iodine water-splitting cycle

Experimental study of the vapour-liquid equilibria of HI-I2-H2O ternary mixtures

Predicting the energy efficiency of a recuperative bayonet decomposition reactor for sulphur-based thermochemical hydrogen production

Development of HI decomposition process in Korea

South Africa’s nuclear hydrogen production development programme

Integrated laboratory scale demonstration experiment of the hybrid sulphur cycle and preliminary scale-up

Development status of the hybrid sulphur thermochemical hydrogen production process

Thermochemical copper chloride and calcium bromide processes

Recent Canadian advances in the thermochemical Cu-Cl cycle for nuclear hydrogen production

An overview of R&D activities for the Cu-Cl cycle with emphasis on the hydrolysis reaction

Study of the hydrolysis reaction of the copper-chloride hybrid thermochemical cycle using optical spectrometries

Development of CuCl-HCl electrolysis for hydrogen production via Cu-Cl thermochemical cycle

Exergy analysis of the Cu-Cl cycle

CaBr2 hydrolysis for HBr production using a direct sparging contactor

Economics and market analysis of hydrogen production and use

The development of the Hydrogen Economic Evaluation Program (HEEP)

Nuclear H2 production – a utility perspective

Alkaline and high-temperature electrolysis for nuclear hydrogen production

The production of hydrogen by nuclear and solar heat

Sustainable electricity supply in the world by 2050 for economic growth and automotive fuel

NHI economic analysis of candidate nuclear hydrogen processes

Market viability of nuclear hydrogen technologies

Possibility of active carbon recycle energy system

Safety aspects of nuclear hydrogen production

Nuclear safety and regulatory considerations for nuclear hydrogen production

Transient modelling of sulphur-iodine cycle thermochemical hydrogen generation coupled to pebble bed modular reactor

Proposed chemical plant initiated accident scenarios in a sulphur-iodine cycle plant coupled to a pebble bed modular reactor

Conceptual design of the HTTR-IS nuclear hydrogen production system

Use of PSA for design of emergency mitigation systems in a hydrogen production plant using General Atomics SI cycle technology. Section II: Sulphuric acid decomposition

Heat pump cycle by hydrogen-absorbing alloys to assist high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in producing hydrogen

Heat exchanger temperature response for duty-cycle transients in the NGNP/HTE

Alternate VHTR/HTE interface for mitigating tritium transport and structure creep

Poster session contributions

Activities of Nuclear Research Institute Rez in the area of hydrogen technologies

A uranium thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production

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