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Muslim Networks and Transnational Communities in and Across Europe

When serious academic study of Islam in western Europe started about a quarter of a century ago, it was from a variety of isciplinary starting points. From the social sciences there were local community studies based in ethnography and social nthropology, and sociolog­ical and geographical studies providing snapshots of larger dimen­sions and specific themes, in particular race relations and discrimination. Political science and occasionally legal studies looked at the impact of national and local structures and the participation, or absence of participation, of Muslim groups. International comparative accounts, dealing with the situation in several European countries, were primar­ily descriptive before they attempted to identify areas of common developments and haracteristics. Religious studies, broadly defined, concerned itself with religious ideas and forms of expression in the context of migration and settlement and often overlapped with the more traditional disciplines of oriental studies and comparative reli­gion or the history of religions. More recently, research has started to analyse links between the Muslim presence in western Europe and the countries of origin, recording and analysing the processes involved in chains of migra­tion and their impact at both ends of the chain. Many such stud­ies have an emphasis of interest at one end of the chain rather than the other. It is in this area that the apers in this volume have a common interest. Different aspects of the contemporary situation of Muslims in western Europe are dealt with, all under the general per­spective of transnational dimensions. What distinguishes the papers in this volume from much of the iterature until recently is the extent to which the ‘transnational’ forms of Islam with which we are con­fronted are partly or wholly independent of the chains of migration or shared ethnic identity. What the papers show is that there is cur­rently a very active rocess of constructing Muslim/Islamic networks held together by shared ideas and responses to the European envi­ronment, rather than common ethnic or national identity, and using various forms of media as the tool for such networking.

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