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History/Military Троя и троянцы. Боги и герои города-призрака
History/Military The Collapse Of The Democratic Presidential Majority: Realignment, Dealignment, And Electoral Change From Franklin Roosevelt To Bill Clinton (Transforming American Politics)
History/Military Ernesto "Che" Guevara (The Great Hispanic Heritage)
History/Military Luger Accessories
History/Military Congress, Progressive Reform, and the New American State
History/Military Battle in the Baltics 1944-45: The Fighting for Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, a Photographic History
History/Military Native Vote: American Indians, the Voting Rights Act, and the Right to Vote
History/Military The Martinsyde Elephant (Profile Publications Number 200)
History/Military The M.Bloch 151 & 152 (Profile Publications Number 201)
History/Military The Douglas A-20 (7A to Boston III) (Profile Publications Number 202)
History/Military The Heinkel He 162 (Profile Publications Number 203)
History/Military Democracy without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State
History/Military Globalization of Capital and the Nation-State: Imperialism, Class Struggle, and the State in the Age of Global Capitalism
History/Military Performances of the Sacred in Late Medieval and Early Modern England (Repost)
History/Military Demography and Roman Society (Ancient Society and History)
History/Military Reducing Poverty Through Growth And Social Policy Reform in Russia (Directions in Development)
History/Military Screening Politics; The Politician in American Movies, 1931-2001
History/Military Between Self-Determination and Dependency: Jamaica's Foreign Relations 1972-1989
History/Military Political Psychology: Key Readings
History/Military Anglo-Norman Studies 24: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2001
History/Military The Collapse Of The Democratic Presidential Majority: Realignment, Dealignment, And Electoral Change From Franklin Roosevelt To Bill Clinton (Transforming American Politics)
History/Military Ernesto "Che" Guevara (The Great Hispanic Heritage)
History/Military Luger Accessories
History/Military Congress, Progressive Reform, and the New American State
History/Military Battle in the Baltics 1944-45: The Fighting for Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, a Photographic History
History/Military Native Vote: American Indians, the Voting Rights Act, and the Right to Vote
History/Military The Martinsyde Elephant (Profile Publications Number 200)
History/Military The M.Bloch 151 & 152 (Profile Publications Number 201)
History/Military The Douglas A-20 (7A to Boston III) (Profile Publications Number 202)
History/Military The Heinkel He 162 (Profile Publications Number 203)
History/Military Democracy without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State
History/Military Globalization of Capital and the Nation-State: Imperialism, Class Struggle, and the State in the Age of Global Capitalism
History/Military Performances of the Sacred in Late Medieval and Early Modern England (Repost)
History/Military Demography and Roman Society (Ancient Society and History)
History/Military Reducing Poverty Through Growth And Social Policy Reform in Russia (Directions in Development)
History/Military Screening Politics; The Politician in American Movies, 1931-2001
History/Military Between Self-Determination and Dependency: Jamaica's Foreign Relations 1972-1989
History/Military Political Psychology: Key Readings
History/Military Anglo-Norman Studies 24: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2001
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History/Military Materials in Eighteenth-Century Science: A Historical Ontology
Posted on 2010-03-16
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More Ursula Klein, Wolfgang Lefevre, "Materials in Eighteenth-Century Science: A Historical Ontology (Transformations: Studies in the History of Science and Technology)" In the eighteenth century, chemistry was the science of materials. Chemists treated mundane raw materials and chemical substances as multidimensional objects of inquiry that could be investigated in both practical and theoretical contexts--as useful commodities, perceptible objects of nature, and entities with hidden and imperceptible features. In this history of materials, Ursula Klein and Wolfgang Lefevre link chemical science with chemical technology, challenging our current understandings of objects in the history of science and the distinction between scientific and technological objects. They further show that chemists’ experimental production and understanding of materials changed over time, first in the decades around 1700 and then around 1830, when mundane materials became clearly distinguished from true chemical substances. The authors approach their subject by scrutinizing the modes of identification and classification used by chemists and learned practitioners of the period. They find that chemists' classificatory practices especially were strikingly diverse. In scientific investigations, materials were classified either according to chemical composition or according to provenance and perceptible qualities. The authors further argue that chemists did not live in different worlds of materials before and after the Lavoisierian chemical revolution of the late eighteenth century. The book's two main studies first explore the long tradition that informed Lavoisier's new nomenclature and method of classifying pure chemical substances and then describe the continuing classification of plant materials according to a pre-Lavoisierian scheme of provenance and perceptible qualities even after the chemical revolution, until a new mode of classification was accepted in the 1830s.
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