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Mach’s principle : from Newton’s bucket to quantum gravity.

Julian B. Barbour, Herbert Pfister, editors.

Birkhauser, 1995 | vii+536 pages | ISBN: 0817638237, 3764338237 | DjVu | 7 MB | English

With his famous bucket experiment, Newton sought to demonstrate the existence of absolute space and started a great debate on the foundations of physics that has continued until this very day. Ernst Mach ... argued that dynamics could and should be based on purely relative concepts.... Albert Einstein was very much influenced by Mach's writings, and his general relativity was at least partly conceived in the spirit of realizing Mach's dictum. .... He even coined the expression "Mach's Principle."

This volume is based on the conference 'Mach's Principle: From Newton's Bucket to Quantum Gravity,' held July 26-30, 1993, at the Max-Planck-House in Tuebingen, Germany. As far as we [the editors] know, this was the first conference exclusively devoted to Mach's Principle. ....

This is not a usual conference proceedings volume, to which all participants contribute only their latest, very specialized results without much interrelation between them. From the beginning, it was the intention that the conference and this volume should - very much in agreement with the general policy of the Einstein Studies Series cover all aspects of Mach's Principle historical, philosophical, astronomical, theoretical and experimental - and confront, where necessary, the different views on these aspects. Experts were invited to prepare general overviews, which were distributed to all participants already two months ahead of the conference.... It was guaranteed that there was enough time for lively discussions ... Some talks and discussion contributions have been considerably improved and in part even rewritten after the conference. As organizers of the conference, we were very happy that it was possible to gather together in Tuebingen nearly all experts worldwide on the different views of Mach's Principle. .....

It should be mentioned that many important historic papers connected with Mach's Principle are scattered in hardly accessible journals or other sources; most of them are originally in German and have never been

translated, and some of them have moreover been forgotten for decades. Indeed, one of the more important consequences of the conference was that it brought to light significant papers on Mach's Principle by

Hofmann (1904), Reissner (1914, 1915), and Schroedinger (1925) that were virtually unknown, even to experts in the field. Therefore we found it appropriate to collect such papers (partly in extracts) in English translation in this volume.

The so-called Mach's Principle is surely one of the most elusive concepts in physics: On one hand, Machian aspects have been present either explicitly or implicitly in theoretical astronomy general physics, and dynamics from their Greek infancy up to the present day. On the other hand, most of practical physics is done, and successfully done, without ever thinking of the 'deep questions' connected with Mach's Principle. (The situation is similar in quantum theory, which functions extremely well using established prescriptions notwithstanding deep and unresolved questions about its interpretation, its measuring process, and its classical limit.) ...

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