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§­§Ö§Ó §¤§å§Þ§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ó. §¥§â§Ö§Ó§ß§ñ§ñ §²§å§ã§î §Ú §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§Ö§á§î Leo Gumilev. Ancient Russia and "Great steppe"

§¬§ß§Ú§Ô§Ñ §Ó§í§Õ§Ñ§ð§ë§Ö§Ô§à§ã§ñ §â§å§ã§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §ï§ä§ß§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ñ §­§î§Ó§Ñ §¯§Ú§Ü§à§Ý§Ñ§Ö§Ó§Ú§é§Ñ §¤§å§Þ§Ú§Ý§Ö§Ó§Ñ §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ñ §à§Õ§ß§à§Û §Ú§Ù §ã§Ñ§Þ§í§ç §ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§í§ç §Ú §Ù§Ñ§á§å§ä§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú - §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §¥§â§Ö§Ó§ß§Ö§Û §²§å§ã§Ú §Ú §Ü§à§é§Ö§Ó§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ú §ß§Ñ §á§â§à§ä§ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §³§â§Ö§Õ§ß§Ö§Ó§Ö§Ü§à§Ó§î§ñ. §µ§Ó§Ý§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ú §ï§Þ§à§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ñ§ñ, §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ò§Ö§Ù§å§á§â§Ö§é§ß§í§Þ §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Þ, §ï§ä§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §Ò§Ý§Ö§ã§ä§ñ§ë§Ö§Û §á§à§á§í§ä§Ü§à§Û §â§Ö§Ü§à§ß§ã§ä§â§å§Ü§è§Ú§Ú §á§à§Õ§â§à§Ò§ß§à§Û §Ú §è§Ö§Ý§à§ã§ä§ß§à§Û §Ü§Ñ§â§ä§Ú§ß§í §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §¦§Ó§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ú §Ó XI-XIV §Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ç. The book of outstanding Russian ethnographer L. N. Gumilev is devoted one of the most difficult and Russian history knotty problems - to a question of mutual relations of Ancient Russia and nomads of Great steppe throughout all Middle Ages. Fascinating and emotional, written by faultless language, this work became brilliant attempt of reconstruction of a detailed and complete picture of history of Eurasia in XI-XIV centuries.

§¦§ë§Ö §ß§Ñ §á§Ö§â§Ó§à§Þ §Ü§å§â§ã§Ö §Ú§ã§ä§æ§Ñ§Ü§Ñ §Ñ§Ó§ä§à§â§å §á§â§Ú§ê§Ý§Ñ §Ó §Ô§à§Ý§à§Ó§å §Þ§í§ã§Ý§î §Ù§Ñ§á§à§Ý§ß§Ú§ä§î §Ý§Ñ§Ü§å§ß§å §Ó§à §£§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§à§Û §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú, §ß§Ñ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§Ó §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ð §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§Ó, §Ø§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§ç §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§í§Þ§Ú §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú: §©§Ñ§á§Ñ§Õ§ß§à§Û §¦§Ó§â§à§á§à§Û, §­§Ö§Ó§Ñ§ß§ä§à§Þ (§¢§Ý§Ú§Ø§ß§Ú§Þ §£§à§ã§ä§à§Ü§à§Þ) §Ú §¬§Ú§ä§Ñ§Ö§Þ (§¥§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§Ú§Þ §£§à§ã§ä§à§Ü§à§Þ). §©§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é§Ñ §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §ã§Ó§Ö§â§ç§ã§Ý§à§Ø§ß§à§Û; §Ö§Ö §ß§Ö§Ý§î§Ù§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§à §â§Ö§ê§Ú§ä§î §Ò§Ö§Ù §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §Ô§Ö§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§Ú, §á§à§ä§à§Þ§å §é§ä§à §Ô§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§í §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§à§Ó §Ù§Ñ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §á§Ö§â§Ú§à§Õ §ß§Ö§à§Õ§ß§à§Ü§â§Ñ§ä§ß§à §á§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§Ó§Ú§Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î, §ï§ä§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö §ß§Ñ§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §£§Ö§Ý§Ú§Ü§à§Û §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ú §Ú §ã§à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã §ß§Ö§ð §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §é§Ñ§ã§ä§à §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§Ý§à§ã§î §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ó§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§à§Ó §ï§ä§ß§à§Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§Ù§Ñ, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §Þ§Ú§Ô§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §ï§ä§ß§à§ã§à§Ó §Ú §Ó§í§ä§Ö§ã§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§Õ§ß§Ú§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Ù§Ù§â§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Þ§Ú. §¯§Ö §à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §ã§ä§Ñ§Ò§Ú§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §Ú §æ§Ú§Ù§Ú§Ü§à-§Ô§Ö§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §à§Ò§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ü§Ñ. §¯§Ñ §Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ö §Ý§Ö§ã§à§Ó §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ã§ä§Ö§á§Ú §Ú §á§å§ã§ä§í§ß§Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §Ü§Ý§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §Ü§à§Ý§Ö§Ò§Ñ§ß§Ú§Û, §ä§Ñ§Ü §Ú §Ú§Ù-§Ù§Ñ §ç§Ú§ë§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ó§à§Ù§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ß§Ñ §á§â§Ú§â§à§Õ§ß§å§ð §ã§â§Ö§Õ§å. §£§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ö §ï§ä§à§Ô§à §Ý§ð§Õ§ñ§Þ §á§â§Ú§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Ý§à§ã§î §Þ§Ö§ß§ñ§ä§î §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §ç§à§Ù§ñ§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Û §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §é§ä§à, §Ó §ã§Ó§à§ð §à§é§Ö§â§Ö§Õ§î, §Ó§Ý§Ú§ñ§Ý§à §ß§Ñ §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§à§ä§ß§à§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §Ú §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â. §¥§Ñ §Ú §Ü§å§Ý§î§ä§å§â§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ú §á§â§Ú§Ó§ß§à§ã§Ú§Ý§Ú §Ó §Þ§Ú§â§à§à§ë§å§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §¦§Ó§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Û§ã§Ü§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§ß§ä§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ §â§Ñ§Ù§ß§à§à§Ò§â§Ñ§Ù§Ú§Ö, §Ó §Ü§Ñ§Ø§Õ§å§ð §ï§á§à§ç§å ¡ª §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§æ§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Ö.

§ª §ä§å§ä §á§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§ß§à §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§Ö§ä §à§Ò§í§Ó§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã: §Ñ §Ù§Ñ§é§Ö§Þ §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§ä§î §á§â§à§è§Ö§ã§ã§í, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Þ§Ú §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î? §¦§ã§ä§î §Ý§Ú §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §ã§Þ§í§ã§Ý, §à§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Õ§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Û §Ù§Ñ§ä§â§Ñ§ä§í §ä§â§å§Õ§Ñ §Ú §Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Ö §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ß? §°§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§Ú§Þ §á§â§Ú§Þ§Ö§â§Ñ§Þ§Ú! §µ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ä§î §Ù§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö§ä§â§ñ§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ§Ú §Ú§Ý§Ú §á§å§ä§ñ§Þ§Ú §è§Ú§Ü§Ý§à§ß§à§Ó §Ý§ð§Õ§Ú §ß§Ö §å§Þ§Ö§ð§ä, §ß§à §ã§Ö§Û§ã§Þ§à§Ô§â§Ñ§æ§Ú§ñ §Ú §Þ§Ö§ä§Ö§à§â§à§Ý§à§Ô§Ú§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§ð§ä §ã§á§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú§ã§î §à§ä §ã§ä§Ú§ç§Ú§Û§ß§í§ç §Ò§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §Ú, §ß§Ñ§à§Ò§à§â§à§ä, §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§á§â§Ú§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ §ã §ß§Ñ§Ú§Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§Þ §ï§æ§æ§Ö§Ü§ä§à§Þ. §£§Ö§Õ§î §ß§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à §á§â§Ú §è§å§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§ä§î §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §Þ§í §ß§Ö §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§Þ, §å§Û§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ §Ò§Ý§Ú§Ø§ß§ð§ð §Ô§à§â§å §Ú§Ý§Ú §Õ§Ñ§ä§î §à§Ü§Ö§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§à§Ý§ß§Ö §ã§Þ§í§ä§î §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ß§Ñ §Õ§ß§à. §²§Ñ§Õ§Ú §ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§á§Ñ§ã§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à §Ú§Ù§å§é§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§å§Ý§Ü§Ñ§ß§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§å§ð §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î, §ä§Ñ§Ü§å§ð §Ø§Ö §ã§ä§Ú§ç§Ú§Û§ß§å§ð, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ï§ä§ß§à§Ô§Ö§ß§Ö§Ù.

On the first course to the author has come to mind thought to fill a lacuna in the World history, having written history of the people living between cultural regions: the Western Europe, Levant (Near East) and China (Far East). The problem has appeared superdifficult; she could not be solved without the aid of geography because borders of regions for the historical period repeatedly moved, ethnic filling of "Great steppe" and the adjacent countries with it often varied both owing to processes ethnogenes, and because of constant migrations of ethnoses and replacement of one outlooks by others. Did not remain stable and fiziko-geographical conditions. On a place of woods there were steppes and deserts both because of climatic fluctuations, and because of injurious influence of the person on an environment. Thereof people had to change economic activities systems that, in turn, influenced character of social mutual relations and cultures. And a cultural contact introduced in attitude of the population of the Euroasian continent a variety, during each epoch ¡ª specific.

And here constantly there is a narrow-minded question: and what for to study processes which we cannot operate? Whether there is in it the practical sense justifying expenses of work and material §á§à§ä§Ö§â§ß? We will answer with examples! To operate earthquakes or ways of cyclones people are not able, but the seismography and meteorology help to escape from acts of nature and, on the contrary, to use favorable conditions with the greatest effect. After all not all the same at a tsunami prevent which we cannot, leave on near mountain or allow to an ocean wave to wash off myself on a bottom. For the sake of own rescue it is necessary to study volcanic activity, same spontaneous, as ethnogenes.

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