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Lectures on Numerical Methods in Bifurcation Problems
Methods for Finding Zeros in Polynomials
Lectures on Stochastic Flows and Applications
Educational Psychology by Edward L. Thorndike
The Last Days of Tolstoy by V. G. Chertkov
Globalization and Responsibility
Lectures on Siegel Modular Forms and Representation by Quadratic Forms
Lectures on Topics In One-Parameter Bifurcation Problems
History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
Linear Algebra: Theorems and Applications
Lectures on Stochastic Differential Equations and Malliavin Calculus
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
Lectures on Sieve Methods and Prime Number Theory
Dollars and Sense by William Crosbie Hunter
The Theory of the Theatre by Clayton Hamilton
The Mathematics of Investment
Occupiers of Wall Street: Losers or Game Changers
The Solution of the Pyramid Problem
Lectures on Moduli of Curves
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
Methods for Finding Zeros in Polynomials
Lectures on Stochastic Flows and Applications
Educational Psychology by Edward L. Thorndike
The Last Days of Tolstoy by V. G. Chertkov
Globalization and Responsibility
Lectures on Siegel Modular Forms and Representation by Quadratic Forms
Lectures on Topics In One-Parameter Bifurcation Problems
History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
Linear Algebra: Theorems and Applications
Lectures on Stochastic Differential Equations and Malliavin Calculus
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
Lectures on Sieve Methods and Prime Number Theory
Dollars and Sense by William Crosbie Hunter
The Theory of the Theatre by Clayton Hamilton
The Mathematics of Investment
Occupiers of Wall Street: Losers or Game Changers
The Solution of the Pyramid Problem
Lectures on Moduli of Curves
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
Useful Links
Karl Marx, "Pre-Capitalist Economic Formations"
Posted on 2010-04-13
|
More The Process Which Precedes the Formation of the Capital Relation or of Original Accumulation The purpose of capitalist labor is to create value. The purpose of pre-capitalist labor is to produce sustenance for the individual and the community. This idea of the individual as a worker divorced from the land and the means of sustenance except by commoditized labor is an artificial product of history. In pre-capitalist societies, the individual regards himself as an owner of property only in so far as he regards himself as a member of the community Property ownership¨C¡±the relationship of the individual to the natural conditions of labor and reproduction¡±¨Cis granted by membership and unity with the community Cities arise from villages when the location and geography are favorable to external trade. The head of state exchanges the surplus of labor. Cities are owners of the surrounding supportive farm land in the same relationship as despots to labor. Villages are appendages of the supporting land in the same relationship as the pre-capitalist laborer to the community. War is required for the perpetuation of non-transient occupation of land by a particular group and the society is naturally organized into military-like relationships. War reinforces territorial notions and individual ownership of property. Private land ownership arrises as a result of validating membership in the community by acceptable maintenance and use of said property. The individual is a member of the community by virtue of being in possession of land ultimately in the community¡¯s possession. ¡°Property formally belongs to the Roman citizen, the private owner of land is such only by virtue of being Roman, but any Roman is also a private landowner.¡± The Germanic model consists of only communal property with private possession. ¡°Ancient classical history is a history of cities,¡± as seats of land ownership and agriculture. Asian history is a history of town and country without differentiation. The Middle Ages see history as the history of the countryside in opposition to the town. ¡±Modern history is the urbanization of the countryside.¡±
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