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Hydrogen and Fuel Cells: Review of National R&D Programs by: International Energy Agency, France

This book is a timely attempt to map the many and various governmental research activities and policies for hydrogen and fuel cells. It provides policymakers and managers with the information needed to exploit synergies and maximise the benefits of international co-operative efforts. The book draws primarily on information contributed by IEA governments through the IEA Hydrogen Co-ordination Group. Such cooperation together with concerted government strategies, long-term commitment and public research activities are indispensable for catalysing larger private R&D investment, for building public awareness and for facilitating the penetration of hydrogen and fuel cells technologies in the competitive marketplace.

With the oil and gas supply security and climate change emerging as high concerns, the need for new technologies to alleviate dependence on hydrocarbons and reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is becoming increasingly urgent. In the mid to long term, this will require significant changes in the way the global energy system is managed and the adoption of an array of new technologies which produce and use energy more efficiently and more cleanly than in the past. IEA countries have been improving the overall efficiency of their energy systems and developing renewable energy sources for many years. More recently, they have also invested considerable effort in making commercially available technologies to separate and store carbon dioxide from fossil fuels, produce hydrogen from fossil, nuclear and renewable energy sources, and develop fuel cells for clean and efficient use of hydrogen. In addition to reducing emissions in power generation, CO2 capture and storage would enable hydrogen to be produced from natural gas and coal without incurring significant emissions to the atmosphere. Increasing use of the world’s abundant coal reserves to produce CO2-free electricity and hydrogen would both diversify energy supply and mitigate environmental concerns. Clean, CO2-free hydrogen produced from fossil fuels and – in the longer term – from nuclear and renewable sources could potentially replace oil and reduce emissions in transport. In turn, fuel cells hold the promise to significantly increase the efficiency of the energy system in both stationary and transport applications with reduced or nearly zero emissions. The development of cost-effective hydrogen and fuel cells technologies and infrastructure requires time, public and private sector investment, and technology breakthroughs to achieve commercial maturity and market penetration. Many IEA Member countries have already embarked on this effort in close co-operation with industry. Many others are in the process of revising and reinforcing their research and development strategies.

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