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Günther G. Scherer - Fuel Cells I and II

& 8220;The concept to utilize an ion-conducting polymer membrane as a solid polymer

electrolyte offers several advantages regarding the design and operation

of an electrochemical cell, as outlined in Volume 215, Chapter 1 (L. Gubler,

G. G. Scherer). Essentially, the solvent and/or transport medium, e.g., H2O,

for the mobile ionic species, e.g., H+ for a cation exchange membrane, is

taken up by and confined into the nano-dimensional morphology of the ioncontaining

domains of the polymer. As a consequence, a phase separation into

a hydrophilic ion-containing solvent phase and a hydrophobic polymer backbone

phase establishes. Because of the narrow solid electrolyte gap in these

cells, low ohmic losses reducing the overall cell voltage can be achieved, even

at high current densities.

This concept was applied to fuel cell technology at a very early stage; however,

performance and reliability of the cells were low due to the dissatisfying

membrane properties at that time. The development of perfluoro sulfonate

and carboxylate-type membranes, in particular for the chlor-alkali process,

directly fostered the further development of proton-conducting membranes

and, as a consequence, also the progress in this type of fuel cell technology

(polymer electrolyte fuel cell, PEFC).

Within the past 20 years, tremendous progress has been achieved in PEFC

technology, in particular since the automotive industry has joined forces to

further develop this energy conversion technology with its advantages in efficiency

and environmental friendliness. This development has brought about

a much deeper understanding of the various functions of the polymer electrolyte

in the cell, particularly under duty cycle conditions of automotive

applications. As a further and utmost prerequisite, the cost issue came to every

one’s attention.

Many national and international research programs have recently initiated

work on proton-conducting polymer membranes for fuel cell applications.

The contributions in these two volumes aim to summarize some major efforts,

without claiming to be exhaustive.& 8221;

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