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1 Chapter 4. Electromagnetic Radiation in Analysis (Chapter 3 Campbell & 038; White). Electromagnetic radiation is a disturbance in electro-magnetic space which follows Maxwell& 8217;s & 8230; Activity 17 —Electromagnetic Radiation 99 Electromagnetic Radiation A ctivity 17 Why Electromagnetic radiation, which also is called light, is an amazing phenomenon. It carries & 8230; differential equations for conversion of energy from an electrical field to a magnetic field. The disturbance is sinusoidal in nature for propagating EM radiation. Electromagnetic waves display a wave nature in that the oscillating electric and magnetic fields propagate with a wavelength and frequency. Additionally, a special property of EM & 8230;

Electromagnetic radiation is a disturbance in electro-magnetic space which follows Maxwell& 8217;s differential equations for conversion of energy from an electrical field to a magnetic field. The disturbance is sinusoidal in nature for propagating EM radiation. Electromagnetic waves display a wave nature in that the oscillating electric and magnetic fields propagate with a wavelength and frequency. Additionally, a special property of EM radiation is that it displays a fixed speed in vacuum, c , and fixed velocities in other uniform media so conversion from frequency to wavelength is direct: ? = c /? We can specify a type of EM radiation by specifying it& 8217;s wavelength, frequency, or wavenumber, k: k = 1/? EM radiation also displays a particle characteristic through the concept of the photon which is a particle of no mass. This allows a means to describe features of EM radiation which are usually associated with particles such as momentum. The energy per photon of EM radiation is related to the frequency, ?, of the Maxwellian sinusoidal oscillation through Planck& 8217;s constant, h: Energy = h? That is, higher frequency is associated with higher energy. Then the Energy is given by hc/? and different wavelength radiations contain different amounts of energy per photon. A photon is a quantum of EM radiation that displays momentum. The momentum is expressed as: p = h/? =h?/ c The brilliance, brightness, flux or intensity of a particular EM radiation is related to how many photons are delivered in a unit area per unit time. The energy of each photon is related directly to the wavelength. It is important to be able to distinguish in your mind between intensity, energy and power delivered by EM radiation& 8230;. 9) For visible light the index of refraction, n, is used to describe the speed of the radiation in a medium. Velocity = v = c/n. Since the velocity is always smaller than the velocity in vacuum, n is always greater than 1. In air, n is close to 1, in silica glass n = 1.52, some materials have a very high index of refraction, Titania, TiO 2 , is close to 5.

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