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European Thought & Culture in the 20th Century (The Great Courses, Parts 1 and 2) by Lloyd Kramer

Who Are the Key Thinkers of the 20th Century?

Professor Kramer's gift for exposition is used to maximum effect as he guides you through a clear and comprehensive series of lectures discussing dozens of influential figures in European thought and letters. These include:

* Poets, playwrights, novelists, and memoirists , including Stéphane Mallarmé, Arthur Rimbaud, Émile Zola, Joseph Conrad, Henrik Ibsen, James Joyce, Marcel Proust, W. B. Yeats, Wilfred Owen, Siegfried Sassoon, T. S. Eliot, Franz Kafka, Thomas Mann, Virginia Woolf, George Orwell, Günther Grass, Primo Levi, and Václav Havel.

* Painters, including Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Wassily Kandinsky.

* Philosophers and theorists, including Henri Bergson, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Albert Einstein, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, Karl Jaspers, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Jürgen Habermas.

* Key figures in the human and social sciences, including Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Marcel Mauss, John Maynard Keynes, Hannah Arendt, Jacques Lacan, Marc Bloch, Fernand Braudel, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud.

Which Intellectual Movements Are Discussed?

By learning about their lives, their works, and the connections among their ideas, you'll gain a keener insight into a host of movements and trends in modern intellectual life:

* positivism

* literary realism and naturalism

* literary symbolism

* literary modernism

* Impressionism, Fauvism, Cubism, and Abstract Expressionism in painting

* existentialism

* analytic philosophy

* feminism

* Dadaism

* Surrealism

* depth psychology, including Freudian psychoanalysis and Jungian psychology

* revisionist (Frankfurt School and Gramscian) Marxism

* Keynesian and Hayekian neoliberalism

* structuralism

* poststructuralism

* postmodernism.

Ideas in Context

Professor Kramer constantly casts an inquiring eye on the evolving contexts in which leading writers and theorists developed their ideas.

He takes ideas seriously on their own terms. Important texts or artistic creations do not simply reflect the contexts in which they appear; creative thinkers are always interpreting, redefining, criticizing, and influencing the historical world in which they live.

But Professor Kramer believes that your efforts to achieve historical understanding require knowledge of more than what these thinkers said.

You learn who they were, how they saw the problems of their age, and which historical realities affected the birth and spread of their thoughts.

The many intellectual achievements discussed in this course took place, after all, against a background of tumultuous, intensely challenging events and trends, including:

* global war

* economic depression

* the rise and fall of empires

* massive social and technological change.

You find that Professor Kramer fits this essential context in gracefully in ways that illuminate your understanding of each thinker's works.

A Century's Three Eras

Chronologically, the lectures fall into three parts of eight lectures each:

* the cultural innovations during the three decades before 1914

* the responses to World War I and the new cultural themes of what historians call the "interwar" era

* the responses to World War II and the new forms of thought that emerged in the decades after 1945.

Course Lecture Titles

1. The Origins of 20th-Century European Thought

2. Universities, Cities, and the Modern “Culture Industry”

3. Naturalism in Fin-de-Siècle Literature

4. The New Avant-Garde Literary Culture

5. Rethinking the Scientific Tradition

6. The Emergence of Modern Art

7. Émile Durkheim and French Social Thought

8. Max Weber and the New German Sociology

9. The Great War and Cultural Pessimism

10. Sigmund Freud and Psychoanalytic Theory

11. Freud, Jung, and the Constraints of Civilized Life

12. Poetry and Surrealism After the Great War

13. The Modern Novel—Joyce and Woolf

14. The Continental Novel—Proust, Kafka, Mann

15. Language and Reality in Modern Philosophy

16. Revisiting Marxism and Liberalism

17. Responses to Nazism and the Holocaust

18. Existential Philosophy

19. Literature and Memory in Postwar Culture

20. Redefining Modern Feminism

21. History, Anthropology, and Structuralism

22. Poststructuralist Thought—Foucault and Derrida

23. European Postmodernism

24. Changes and Traditions at Century’s End

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