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Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry, Four-Volume Set

Edited by William J. Lennarz, M. Daniel Lane

Academic Press September 2004

3000pp ISBN 0124437109 £750.00

Four-volume set with topics arranged from A to Z for easy reference

Seven subject areas covering all areas of biological chemistry

Over 1300 illustrations throughout with 800 in 4-color and over 200 tables

Glossary of specialized terms and 'Further Reading' section provided for every article

Includes entries on the latest research techniques

Appropriate for students, researchers, and professionals

Description back to top

Written for a broad, cross-disciplinary audience, the Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry addresses the fundamental discipline of biological chemistry underlying virtually all of the life sciences. This compilation of more than 500 different entries encompasses all aspects of biochemistry, as well as the extensions of this subject into the related fields of molecular biology, cell biology, genetics and biophysics. This comprehensive encyclopedia covers all areas of biological chemistry written by more than 500 selected international experts. Articles are generously illustrated including more than 800 images in four-color. Each entry contains a clear, concise review of the topic along with illustrations, a glossary of technical terms and a section for additional reading.

Each entry further contains general background and term definitions as well as a comprehensive review of the current research in the field. Students, science journalists and scientists seeking a concise introduction to specific topics will appreciate the clear, tabular format of each entry.

Contents

ABC Transporters

Abscisic Acid (ABA)

Actin Assembly/Disassembly

Actin Capping and Severing Proteins

Actin-Related Proteins

Adenosine Receptors

Adenylyl Cyclases

Adrenergic Receptors

Affinity Chromatography

Affinity Tags for Protein Purification

Allosteric Regulation

Alternative Splicing: Regulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR)

Alternative Splicing: Regulation of Sex Determination in Drosophila melanogaster

Amine Oxidases

Amino Acid Metabolism

Aminopeptidases

Amyloid

Anaplerosis

Angiotensin Receptors

ara Operon

ARF Family Proteins

Aspartic Proteases

ATP Synthesis in Plant Mitochondria: Substrates, Inhibitors, Uncouplers

ATP Synthesis: Mitochondrial Cyanide-Resistant Terminal Oxidases

Autophagy in Fungi and Mammals

Bax and Bcl2 Cell Death Enhancers and Inhibitors

B-Cell Antigen Receptor

Bile Salts and Their Metabolism

Biliary Cirrhosis, Primary

Bioenergetics: General Definition of Principles

Biotin

Biotinylation of Proteins

Bradykinin Receptors

Branched-Chain €¢-Ketoacids

Brassinosteroids

B12-Containing Enzymes

Cadherin Signaling

Cadherin-Mediated Cell€CCell Adhesion

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Adrenomedullin Receptors

Calcitonin Receptor

Calcium-Binding Proteins, Cytosolic (Annexins, Gelsolins, C2-Domain Proteins)

Calcium, Biological Fitness of

Calcium Buffering Proteins: Calbindins

Calcium Buffering Proteins: ER Luminal Proteins

Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases

Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II

Calcium-Modulated Proteins (EF-hand)

Calcium Oscillations

Calcium-Sensing Receptor

Calcium Signaling: Calmodulin-Dependent Phosphatase

Calcium Signaling: Cell Cycle

Calcium Signaling: Motility (Actomyosin-Troponin System)

Calcium Signaling: NO Synthase

Calcium Transport in Mitochondria

Calcium Waves

Calpain

Carbohydrate Chains: Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis

Carnitine and €A-Oxidation

Caspases and Cell Death

Cell Cycle: Control of Entry and Progression Through S Phase

Cell Cycle: Controls in G1 and G0

Cell Cycle: DNA Damage Checkpoints

Cell Cycle: Mitotic Checkpoint

Cell Death by Apoptosis and Necrosis

Cell - CMatrix Interactions

Cell Migration

Centromeres

Centrosomes and Microtubule Nucleation

Chaperones for Metalloproteins

Chaperones, Molecular

Chaperonins

Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence

Chemiosmotic Theory

Chemokine Receptors

Chemolithotrophy

Chemotactic Peptide/Complement Receptors

Chlorophylls and Carotenoids

Chloroplast Redox Poise and Signaling

Chloroplasts

Cholesterol Synthesis

Chromatin: Physical Organization

Chromatin Remodeling

Chromosome Organization and Structure, Overview

Coenzyme A

Collagenases

Collagens

Cyclic AMP Receptors of Dictyostelium

Cyclic GMP Phosphodiesterases

Cyclic Nucleotide-Dependent Protein Kinases

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases

Cyclic Nucleotide-Regulated Cation Channels

Cysteine Proteases

Cytochrome bc1 Complex (Respiratory Chain Complex III)

Cytochrome b6f Complex

Cytochrome c

Cytochrome Oxidases, Bacterial

Cytochrome P-450

Cytokines

Cytokinesis

Cytokinin

Desmosomes and Hemidesmosomes

Detergent Properties

Diabetes

Diacylglycerol Kinases and Phosphatidic Acid Phosphatases

Disulfide Bond Formation

DNA Base Excision Repair

DNA Damage: Alkylation

DNA Glycosylases: Mechanisms

DNA Helicases: Dimeric Enzyme Action

DNA Helicases: Hexameric Enzyme Action

DNA Ligases: Mechanism and Functions

DNA Ligases: Structures

DNA Methyltransferases, Bacterial

DNA Methyltransferases: Eubacterial GATC

DNA Methyltransferases: Structural Themes

DNA Mismatch Repair and the DNA Damage Response

DNA Mismatch Repair and Homologous Recombination

DNA Mismatch Repair Defects and Cancer

DNA Mismatch Repair: E. coli Vsr and Eukaryotic G-T Systems

DNA Mismatch Repair in Bacteria

DNA Mismatch Repair in Mammals

DNA Oxidation

DNA Photolyase

DNA Polymerase I, Bacterial

DNA Polymerase II, Bacterial

DNA Polymerase III, Bacterial

DNA Polymerase a, Eukaryotic

DNA Polymerase ß, Eukaryotic

DNA Polymerase d, Eukaryotic

DNA Polymerase e, Eukaryotic

DNA Polymerases: Kinetics and Mechanism

DNA Replication: Eukaryotic Origins and the Origin Recognition Complex

DNA Replication Fork, Bacterial

DNA Replication Fork, Eukaryotic

DNA Replication: Initiation in Bacteria

DNA Replication, Mitochondrial

DNA Restriction and Modification: Type I Enzymes

DNA Restriction and Modification: Type II Enzymes

DNA Restriction and Modification: Type III Enzymes

DNA Secondary Structure

DNA Sequence Recognition by Proteins

DNA Supercoiling

DNA Topoisomerases: Type I

DNA Topoisomerases: Type II

DNA Topoisomerases: Type III-RecQ Helicase Systems

Dopamine Receptors

Dynactin

Dynein

EF-G and EF-Tu Structures and Translation Elongation in Bacteria

Eicosanoid Receptors

Elastin

Endocannabinoids

Endocytosis

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Protein Degradation

Energy Transduction in Anaerobic Prokaryotes

Enzyme Inhibitors

Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme Reaction Mechanisms: Stereochemistry

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family

ER/SR Calcium Pump: Function

ER/SR Calcium Pump: Structure

Exonucleases, Bacterial

FAK Family

Fat Mobilization: Perilipin and Hormone-Sensitive Lipase

F1-F0 ATP Synthase

Fatty Acid Oxidation

Fatty Acid Receptors

Fatty Acid Synthesis and Its Regulation

Ferredoxin

Ferredoxin-NADP+ Reductase

c-fes Proto-Oncogene

Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors and Cancer Associated Perturbations

Flavins

Flippases

Focal Adhesions

Free Radicals, Sources and Targets of: Mitochondria

Friedreich's Ataxia

GABAA Receptor Proteins

GABAB Receptors

Galectins

Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Expression

Gi Family of Heterotrimeric G Proteins

Gq Family of Heterotrimeric G Proteins

Gs Family of Heterotrimeric G Proteins

G12/G13 Family of Heterotrimeric G Proteins

Giant Mitochondria (Megamitochondria)

GlcNAc Biosynthesis and Function, O-Linked

Glucagon Family of Peptides and Their Receptors

Gluconeogenesis

Glucose/Sugar Transport in Bacteria

Glucose/Sugar Transport in Mammals

Glucosidases and Mannosidases: N-Linked Glycan Processing

Glutamate Receptors, Ionotropic

Glutamate Receptors, Metabotropic

Glutathione Peroxidases

Glycation

Glycine Receptors

Glycogen Metabolism

Glycogen Storage Diseases

Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3

Glycolipid-Dependent Adhesion Processes

Glycolysis, Overview

Glycoprotein Folding and Processing Reactions

Glycoprotein-Mediated Cell Interactions, O-Linked

Glycoproteins, N-Linked

Glycosylation, Congenital Disorders of

Glycosylation in Cystic Fibrosis

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchors

Golgi Complex

G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinases and Arrestins

G Protein Signaling Regulators

Green Bacteria: The Light-Harvesting Chlorosome

Green Bacteria: Secondary Electron Donor (Cytochromes)

Green Sulfur Bacteria: Reaction left and Electron Transport

Heat/Stress Responses

Hematopoetin Receptors

Heme Proteins

Heme Synthesis

Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Receptor

Hexokinases/Glucokinases

Histamine Receptors

HIV Protease

HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Structure

Homologous Recombination in Meiosis

HPLC Separation of Peptides

Imaging Methods

Immunoglobulin (Fc) Receptors

Inorganic Biochemistry

Inositol Lipid 3-Phosphatases

Inositol Phosphate Kinases and Phosphatases

Insulin and Glucagon Secreting Cells of the Pancreas

Insulin Receptor Family

Integrin Signaling

Interferon Receptors

Intermediate Filament Linker Proteins: Plectin and BPAG1

Intermediate Filaments

Intracellular Calcium Channels: c-ADPr-Modulated Ryanodine Receptors

Intracellular Calcium Channels: NAADP+-Modulated

Ion Channel Protein Superfamily

IP3 Receptors

Iron-Sulfur Proteins

JAK-STAT Signaling Paradigm

Keratins and the Skin

Ketogenesis

p70 S6 Kinase/mTOR

A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins

Kinesins as Microtubule Disassembly Enzymes

Kinesin Superfamily Proteins

Kinetic Isotope Effects

lac Operon

Lectins

Leptin

LexA Regulatory System

Ligand-Operated Membrane Channels: Calcium (Glutamate)

Ligand-Operated Membrane Channels: GABA

Light-Harvesting Complex (LHC) I and II: Pigments and Proteins

Lipases

Lipid Bilayer Structure

Lipid Modification of Proteins: Targeting to Membranes

Lipid Rafts

Lipoproteins, HDL/LDL

Low Barrier Hydrogen Bonds

Luft's Disease

Lysophospholipid Receptors

MDR Membrane Proteins

Meiosis

Melanocortin System

Membrane-Associated Energy Transduction in Bacteria and Archaea

Membrane Fusion

Membrane Transport, General Concepts

Membrane Transporters: Na+Ca2+ Exchangers

Metabolite Channeling: Creatine Kinase Microcompartments

Metalloproteases

Metalloproteinases, Matrix

Metaphase Chromosome

Methyl-CpG Binding Proteins

Microtubule-Associated Proteins

Mitochondrial Auto-Antibodies

Mitochondrial Channels

Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondrial Genes and Their Expression: Yeast

Mitochondrial Genome, Overview

Mitochondrial Genome Evolution

Mitochondrial Inheritance

Mitochondrial Membranes, Structural Organization

Mitochondrial Metabolite Transporter Family

Mitochondrial Outer Membrane and the VDAC Channel

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Family

Mitosis

mRNA Polyadenylation in Eukaryotes

mRNA Processing and Degradation in Bacteria

Mucin Family of Glycoproteins

Mucins in Embryo Implantation

Multiple Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Trees

Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Myosin Motors

Natriuretic Peptides and Their Receptors

N-End Rule for Protein Degradation

Neoglycoproteins

Neuronal Calcium Signal

Neuronal Intermediate Filaments

Neuropeptide Y Receptors

Neurotensin Receptors

Neurotransmitter Transporters

Neurotrophin Receptor Signaling

Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase

Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Nitric Oxide Signaling

Non-Homologous End-Joining

Non-Homologous Recombination: Bacterial Transposons

Non-Homologous Recombination: Retrotransposons

Nuclear Compartmentalization

Nuclear Envelope and Lamins

Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF?B)

Nuclear Genes in Mitochondrial Function and Biogenesis

Nuclear Organization, Chromatin Structure, and Gene Silencing

Nuclear Pores and Nuclear Import/Export

Nucleoid Organization of Bacterial Chromosomes

Nucleolus, Overview

Nucleotide Excision Repair and Human Disease

Nucleotide Excision Repair, Bacterial: the UvrABCD System

Nucleotide Excision Repair: Biology

Nucleotide Excision Repair in Eukaryotes

Olfactory Receptors

Oligosaccharide Analysis by Mass Spectrometry

Oligosaccharide Chains: Free, N-Linked, or O-Linked

Oncocytes

Opioid Receptors

Ornithine Cycle

Oxygenases

Parathyroid Hormone/Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Receptor

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Pentose Phosphate (Hexose Mono Phosphate) Pathway

Pentose Phosphate Pathway, History of

Peptide Amidation

Periplasmic Electron Transport Systems in Bacteria

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors

Peroxisomes

p53 Protein

Phage Display for Protein Binding

Pheromone Receptors (Yeast)

PHO Regulon

Phosphatidylinositol Bisphosphate and Trisphosphate

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate

Phosphofructokinase-2/Fructose Bisphosphatase-2

Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase

Phosphoinositide 4- and 5-Kinases and Phosphatases

Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases

Phospholipase A2

Phospholipase C

Phospholipase D

Phospholipid Metabolism in Mammals

Phospholipid Synthesis in Yeast

Photoreceptors

Photosynthesis

Photosynthetic Carbon Dioxide Fixation

Photosystem I: FX, FA, and FB Iron-Sulfur Clusters

Photosystem I: Structure and Function

Photosystem II: Assembly and Turnover of the D1 Protein

Photosystem II Light Harvesting System: Dynamic Behavior

Photosystem II: Protein Components

Photosystem II: Water Oxidation, Overview

Plant Glycoproteins

Plant Signaling: Peptides

Plasma Membrane Calcium Pump: Structure and Function

Plastocyanin

Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Family

Polysialic Acid in Molecular Medicine

Porphyrin Metabolism

Pre-tRNA and Pre-rRNA Processing in Bacteria

Pre-tRNA and Pre-rRNA Processing in Eukaryotes

Prions, Overview

Prions and Epigenetic Inheritance

Processivity Clamps in DNA Replication: Clamp Loading

Propionyl CoA-Succinyl CoA Pathway

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes

Proteases in Blood Clotting

Proteasomes, Overview

26S Proteasome, Structure and Function

Proteinase-Activated Receptors

Protein Carboxyl-Methylation

Protein Data Resources

Protein Degradation

Protein Folding and Assembly

Protein Glycosylation, Overview

Protein Glycosylation Inhibitors

Protein Import into Mitochondria

Protein Kinase B

Protein Kinase C Family

Protein N-Myristoylation

Protein Palmitoylation

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases

Proteoglycans

Pteridines

P-Type Pumps: Copper Pump

P-Type Pumps: H+/K+ Pump

P-Type Pumps: Na+/K+ Pump

P-Type Pumps: Plasma Membrane H+ Pump

P2X Purinergic Receptors

P2Y Purinergic Receptors

Purple Bacteria: Electron Acceptors and Donors

Purple Bacteria: Photosynthetic Reaction Centers

Pyridoxal Phosphate

Pyrimidine Biosynthesis

Pyruvate Carboxylation, Transamination and Gluconeogenesis

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

Pyruvate Kinase

Quinones

Rab Family

Ran GTPase

Ras Family

Recombination-Dependent DNA Replication

Recombination: Heteroduplex and Mismatch Repair in vitro

Recombination: Strand Transferases

recQ DNA Helicase Family in Genomic Stability

Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis (Rip)

Respiratory Chain and ATP Synthase

Respiratory Chain Complex I

Respiratory Chain Complex II and Succinate:Quinone Oxidoreductases

Respiratory Chain Complex IV

Respiratory Processes in Anoxygenic and Oxygenic Phototrophs

Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb)

Retinoic Acid Receptors

Reverse Transcriptase and Retroviral Replication

Rho GTPases and Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics

Ribosome Assembly

Ribosome Structure

Ribozyme Mechanisms

Ribozymes and Evolution

Ribozyme Structural Elements: Group I Introns

Ribozyme Structural Elements: Hairpin Ribozyme

RNA Editing

RNA Polymerase I and RNA Polymerase III in Eukaryotes

RNA Polymerase II and Basal Transcription Factors in Eukaryotes

RNA Polymerase II Elongation Control in Eukaryotes

RNA Polymerase II Structure in Eukaryotes

RNA Polymerase Reaction in Bacteria

RNA Polymerase Structure in Bacteria

Secondary Structure in Protein Analysis

Secretases

Secretory Pathway

Selenoprotein Synthesis

Septins and Cytokinesis

Serine/Threonine Phosphatases

Serotonin Receptor Signaling

Siglecs

Sigma Factors

Sliding Clamps in DNA Replication: E. coli B Clamp and PCNA Structures

Small GTPases

Somatostatin Receptors

Spastic Paraplegia

Spectrophotometric Assays

Sphingolipid Biosynthesis

Sphingolipid Catabolism

Spliceosome

Src Family of Protein Tyrosine Kinases

Starvation

Steroid/Thyroid Hormone Receptors

Store-Operated Membrane Channels: Calcium

Substrate Binding, Catalysis, and Product Release

Sugar Nucleotide Transporters

SUMO Modification

Superoxide Dismutase

Syk Family of Protein Tyrosine Kinases

Tachykinin/Substance P Receptors

Taste Receptors

T-Cell Antigen Receptor

Tec/Btk Family Tyrosine Kinases

Telomeres: Maintenance and Replication

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone/Luteinizing Hormone/Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptors

Tight Junctions

Toll-Like Receptors

Transcriptional Silencing

Transcription-Coupled DNA Repair, Overview

Transcription Termination

Transforming Growth Factor ß Receptor Superfamily

Translation Elongation in Bacteria

Translation Elongation in Eukaryotes

Translation Initiation in Bacteria: Factors and Mechanisms

Translation Initiation in Eukaryotes: Factors and Mechanisms

Translation Termination and Ribosome Recycling

Translesion DNA Polymerases, Eukaryotic

Trehalose Metabolism

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

T7 RNA Polymerase

tRNA Synthetases

trp Operon and Attenuation

Tubulin and Its Isoforms

Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors

Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Two-Hybrid Protein-Protein Interactions

Tyrosine Sulfation

Ubiquitin-Like Proteins

Ubiquitin System

umuC,D Lesion Bypass DNA Polymerase V

Uncoupling Proteins

Unfolded Protein Response

Urea Cycle, Inborn Defects of

Vacuoles

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors

Vasopressin/Oxytocin Receptor Family

V-ATPases

Vitamin B12 and B12-Proteins

Vitamin C

Vitamin D

Vitamin D Receptor

Vitamin E

Vitamin K: Biochemistry, Metabolism, and Nutritional Aspects

Vitamin K: Blood Coagulation and Use in Therapy

Voltage-Dependent K+ Channels

Voltage-Sensitive Ca2+ Channels

Voltage-Sensitive Na+ Channels

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) Protein

XPV DNA Polymerase and Ultraviolet Damage Bypass

X-Ray Determination of 3-D Structure in Proteins

Yeast GAL1-GAL10 System

Zinc Fingers

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