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Methods for Finding Zeros in Polynomials
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Encyclopaedia of Biological Disaster Management: vol. 1. Hazardous Materials, Alpha Virus and Disaster Management
Posted on 2010-07-10
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More Alphaviruses are a genera of arthropodborne viruses in the Togaviridae family that give rise to a spectrum of diseases in humans ranging from asymptomatic infections to fatal encephalitis. There are 28 types of alphaviruses classified by their antigenic properties. In the context of viral bioterrorism, several alphaviruses are particularly interesting due to their susceptibility to cultivation, their ability to cause fatal or serious illness, and a lack of measures available for their control. These viruses could be weaponized through their production and stabilization in either aerosolized wet or dried forms. The specific viruses likely to be used as a bioterrorist agent are Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE), Western equine encephalitis (WEE), and Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE). In nature, alphaviruses transmit their disease by vectors, mostly mosquitoes. However, it is aerosol transmission that leads to the concern of these viruses being manufactured as biological weapons since VEE, WEE, and EEE remain highly infectious in the aerosol state. Bioterrorism, however, is not new. The 14th-century siege of Kaffa (now in Ukraine) was aided by an epidemic of plague when the attacking Tatar force catapulted cadavers of plague victims into the city. Closer to home, the Rajneesh cult contaminated salad bars across Oregon with Salmonella typhimurium, causing 751 cases of enteritis and 45 hospitalizations in 1984. As recently as 1995, the Aum Shinrikyo cult (Japan) attempted to spread terror by means of anthrax, sarin gas, or botulinum toxin on at least 8 different occasions. Bioterrorism is the use of biological agents (both infectious agents and the toxins they produce) to intimidate governments or societies on behalf of an ideologic cause. MY LINKS OTHER PUBLICATIONS DEAD LINKS ! please PM me
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