Categories
Technical
Study
Novel
Nonfiction
Health
Tutorial
Entertainment
Business
Magazine
Arts & Design
Audiobooks & Video Training
Cultures & Languages
Family & Home
Law & Politics
Lyrics & Music
Software Related
eBook Torrents
Uncategorized
Study
Novel
Nonfiction
Health
Tutorial
Entertainment
Business
Magazine
Arts & Design
Audiobooks & Video Training
Cultures & Languages
Family & Home
Law & Politics
Lyrics & Music
Software Related
eBook Torrents
Uncategorized
Share With Friends
Archive by Date
2012-08-06
2012-08-05
2012-08-04
2012-08-03
2012-08-02
2012-08-01
2012-07-31
2012-07-30
2012-07-29
2012-07-28
2012-08-05
2012-08-04
2012-08-03
2012-08-02
2012-08-01
2012-07-31
2012-07-30
2012-07-29
2012-07-28
Search Tag
Argonauts
Chabrol
Nagel
Acidity
章家族
BestCrypt
Dolci
devreleri
Confront
Bengal
Dogg
Bethmann
LEAPS
Jacobi
Clara
CAMPAIGNS
Beispielen
Classroom
Gleason
Meadowbrook
Charlemagne
境界
Shalimar
Helvete
wiring
Sleep
applications
Darkover
Macherey
Transgenesis
Wypych
economics
Theophilus
TradeStation
Goias
moghul
Dressings
Minuit
Limmroth
Arora
Feathers
Compiling
桂大传
Glantz
Statham
Venuto
Brinkmann
Grossmann
Phosphate
Hien
Newest
Lectures on Numerical Methods in Bifurcation Problems
Methods for Finding Zeros in Polynomials
Lectures on Stochastic Flows and Applications
Educational Psychology by Edward L. Thorndike
The Last Days of Tolstoy by V. G. Chertkov
Globalization and Responsibility
Lectures on Siegel Modular Forms and Representation by Quadratic Forms
Lectures on Topics In One-Parameter Bifurcation Problems
History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
Linear Algebra: Theorems and Applications
Lectures on Stochastic Differential Equations and Malliavin Calculus
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
Lectures on Sieve Methods and Prime Number Theory
Dollars and Sense by William Crosbie Hunter
The Theory of the Theatre by Clayton Hamilton
The Mathematics of Investment
Occupiers of Wall Street: Losers or Game Changers
The Solution of the Pyramid Problem
Lectures on Moduli of Curves
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
Methods for Finding Zeros in Polynomials
Lectures on Stochastic Flows and Applications
Educational Psychology by Edward L. Thorndike
The Last Days of Tolstoy by V. G. Chertkov
Globalization and Responsibility
Lectures on Siegel Modular Forms and Representation by Quadratic Forms
Lectures on Topics In One-Parameter Bifurcation Problems
History of the Incas by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
Linear Algebra: Theorems and Applications
Lectures on Stochastic Differential Equations and Malliavin Calculus
A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature
Lectures on Sieve Methods and Prime Number Theory
Dollars and Sense by William Crosbie Hunter
The Theory of the Theatre by Clayton Hamilton
The Mathematics of Investment
Occupiers of Wall Street: Losers or Game Changers
The Solution of the Pyramid Problem
Lectures on Moduli of Curves
Walden by Henry David Thoreau
Useful Links
Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assays
Posted on 2010-04-11
|
Safety aspects have become an outstanding issue in the process of drug discovery and development. Until 15 years ago, drug discovery and evaluation was a sequential process starting with the selection of the most active compound from a series of newly synthesized compounds by means of special pharmacological assays. Safety aspects were addressed by pharmacological testing of the selected compound in high doses in tests directed at indications other than the intended indication of the new compound. These tests were followed by pharmacokinetic studies, which were mainly aimed at confirming of a suitable half-life time and at oral activity. Safety aspects relied mostly on toxicity studies, which however gave
on changes of organ structure rather than on organ function. Toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies were adapted to the progress of studies in clinical pharmacology and clinical trails. This "sequential" strategy has been abandoned for several reasons: - Some negative effects on organ function, e.g. ventricular tachy-arrhythmia, were detected too late. On the other hand, negative findings in chronic toxicity studies in animals turned out to be irrelevant for human beings. - New scientific approaches, e.g. combinatorial chemistry, high-throughput screening, in silico models, pharmaco-genomics and pharmaco-proteomics offered new possibilities. - There are several examples which show that the "druggability" of compounds was considerably underestimated when the probability of success of a new project was assessed. The success rate in the pharmaceutical industry and the introduction of new chemical entities to the market per year dropped dramatically, whereas the development time for a new compound increased, sometimes exceeding the patent protection. A change of strategy was therefore adopted, involving the following changes: - Parallel instead of sequential involvement of the various disciplines (multidimensional compound optimization). - The term "Safety Pharmacology" was coined. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) founded a Safety Pharmacology Working Group. Easily accessible and the most informative tests now have to be selected. - Exposure of a drug to the body by pharmacokinetic studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion has to be investigated at an early stage of development and can contribute to the selection of a compound for development. Toxicology experienced major achievements by the introduction of new methods, e.g., in silico methods, toxicogenomics and toxicoproteomics. The book is a landmark in the continuously changing world of drugs. As such it is important reading for many groups: not only for all students of pharmacology and toxicology but also for physicians, especially those involved in clinical trials of drugs, and for pharmacists who have to know the safety requirements of drugs. The book is absolutely essential for scientists and managers in the pharmaceutical industry who are involved in drug finding, drug development and decision making in the development process. In particular, the book will be of use for government institutions and committees working on official guidelines for drug evaluation worldwide.
Rating:
2.5 out of 5 by Book123 |
Download Links | |
Server | Status |
---|---|
Direct Download Link 1 | Alive |
Direct Download Link 2 | Alive |
Download Link (Information) | Alive |
Download Link (Download) | Alive |
Buy This Book at Best Price >> |
Like this article?! Give us +1: