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More CRC Handbook of Thermoelectrics CRC Handbook of Thermoelectrics

By: D.M. Rowe(Editor)

ISBN-10: 0849301467 ISBN-13: 9780849301469

Publisher: CRC - 1995-07-14

Editorial Review: Thermoelectrics is the science and technology associated withthermoelectric converters, that is, the generation of electrical power by the Seebeck effect and refrigeration by the Peltier effect. Thermoelectric generators are being used in increasing numbers to provide electrical power in medical, military, and deep space applications where combinations of their desirable properties outweigh their relatively high cost and low generating efficiency. In recent years there also has been an increase in the requirement for thermoelectric coolers (Peltier devices) for use in infrared detectors and in optical communications. Information on thermoelectrics is not readily available as it is widely scattered throughout the literature. The Handbook centralizes this information in a convenient format under a single cover. Sixty of the world's foremost authorities on thermoelectrics have contributed to this Handbook. It is comprised of fifty-five chapters, a number of which contain previously unpublished material. The contents are arranged in eight sections: general principles and theoretical considerations, material preparation, measurement of thermoelectric properties, thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric generation, generator applications, thermoelectric refrigeration, and applications of thermoelectric cooling. The CRC Handbook of Thermoelectrics has a broad-based scope. It will interest researchers, technologists, and manufacturers, as well as students and the well-informed, non-specialist reader. Table of Contents:

1 Introduction 1

2 Thermoelectric Phenomena 7

3 Conversion Efficiency and Figure-of-Merit 19

4 Thermoelectric Transport Theory 27

5 Optimization of Carrier Concentration 43

6 Minimizing the Thermal Conductivity 55

7 Selective Carrier Scattering in Thermoelectric Materials 67

8 Thermomagnetic Phenomena 75

9 Preparation of Thermoelectric Materials from Melts 83

10 Powder Metallurgy Techniques 101

11 PIES Method of Preparing Bismuth Alloys 109

12 Preparation of Thermoelectric Materials by Mechanical Alloying 125

13 Preparation of Thermoelectric Films 131

14 Calculation of Peltier Device Performance 143

15 Measurements of Electrical Properties 157

16 Measurement of Thermal Properties 165

17 Z-Meters 181

18 Methodology for Testing Thermoelectric Materials and Devices 189

19 Bismuth Telluride, Antimony Telluride, and Their Solid Solutions 211

20 Valence Band Structure and the Thermoelectric Figure-of-Merit of [actual symbol not reproducible] Te[subscript 3] Crystals 239

21 Lead Telluride and Its Alloys 257

22 Properties of the General TAGS System 267

23 Thermoelectric Properties of Silicides 277

24 Polycrystalline Iron Disilicide as a Thermoelectric Generator Material 287

25 Thermoelectric Properties of Anisotropic MnSi[subscript 1.75] 299

26 Low Carrier Mobility Materials for Thermoelectric Applications 311

27 Semimetals as Materials for Thermoelectric Generators 321

28 Silicon Germanium 329

29 Rare Earth Compounds 339

30 Thermoelectric Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors 349

31 Boron Carbides 373

32 Thermoelectric Properties of Metallic Materials 387

33 Neutron Irradiation Damage in SiGe Alloys 401

34 New Materials and Performance Limits for Thermoelectric Cooling 407

35 Miniature Semiconductor Thermoelectric Devices 441

36 Commercially Available Generators 459

37 Modular RTG Technology 471

38 Peltier Devices as Generators 479

39 Calculations of Generator Performance 489

40 Terrestrial Applications of Thermoelectric Generators 503

41 Space Applications 515

42 SP-100 Space Subsystems 539

43 Safety Aspects of Thermoelectrics in Space 551

44 Low-Temperature Heat Conversion 573

45 Thermoelectric Refrigeration: Introduction 595

46 Module Design and Fabrication 597

47 Cooling Thermoelements with Superconducting Leg 609

48 Applications of Thermoelectric Cooling: Introduction 617

49 Commercial Peltier Modules 621

50 Thermoelectrically Cooled Radiation Detectors 633

51 Reliability of Peltier Coolers in Fiber-Optic Laser Packages 641

52 Laboratory Equipment 647

53 Large-Scale Cooling: Integrated Thermoelectric Element Technology 657

54 Medium-Scale Cooling: Thermoelectric Module Technology 667

55 Modeling of Thermoelectric Cooling Systems 677

Index 687

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