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Why are so many people and firms in developing countries excluded from full participation in the financial sector? That is the fundamental question that claims the attention of Building Inclusive Financial Sectors for Development.

The Monterrey Consensus that Heads of State and Government adopted at the International Conference on Financing for Development in 2002 explicitly recognized that "microfinance and credit for micro, small and medium enterprises…as well as national savings schemes are important for enhancing the social and economic impact of the financial sector." The United Nations General Assembly designated 2005 as the International Year of Microcredit to "address the constraints that exclude people from full participation in the financial sector." In this context, the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) and the UN Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) undertook a project to analyse the obstacles to financial inclusion and to report on efforts to overcome those obstacles in a variety of countries.

A multilateral agency group representing the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, and the International Labour Organization supported the DESA and UNCDF staff team. This team was further supported by the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, the Advisors Group of the International Year of Microcredit, the Group of Friends of the Year of Microcredit, the African Microfinance Network, the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Women's World Banking, the World Savings Banks Institute, and the Microcredit Summit Campaign.

As an additional process, a series of regional "multi-stakeholder consultations" was organized in the Middle East , Africa , Asia and Latin America. The views of governments, international organizations, financial institutions, the private sector and civil society were gathered in informal roundtable discussions at these meetings. A global e-conference in the spring of 2005 mobilized over 800 participants. Material was also gathered from an on-line questionnaire, in-depth interviews with experts in the field and seminars organized by partner organizations. This consultative process culminated in a May 2005 Global Meeting on Building Inclusive Financial Sectors in Geneva.

The result of these extensive collaborations is this book. It offers a vision of what inclusive finance could be. It does not dictate policy prescriptions to realize that vision. Even before publication, the book has gained some notoriety in the microfinance industry where it has become known as the "Blue Book" after the colour of the United Nations flag. It is indeed a blue book, but it is not a "blueprint."

While there are areas of consensus, there are also many issues on which there are diverging views and different solutions proposed and implemented in different countries. The Blue Book is intended to be a guide and companion to national dialogues among relevant stakeholders that individual countries may wish to convoke to develop their own national strategies.

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