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Composite Structures, Design, Safety and Innovation: Bjorn Backman Dr Bjorn Backman B. F. Backman

Aerospace structural design, especially for large aircraft, is an empirical pursuit dominated by rules of thumb and often-painful service experiences. Expertise on traditional materials is not transferable to new materials, processes and structural concepts. This is because it is not based on or derived from well-defined measures of safety. This book addresses the need for safe innovation based on practical, explicit structural safety constraints for use in innovative structures of the future where guiding service experience is non-existent. The book covers new ground by the demonstration of ways to satisfy levels of safety by focusing on structural integrity; and complementing the lack of service experience with risk management, based on flexible inspection methods recognizing that safety is a function of time. Fundamentally the book shoes demonstrates how safety methods can be made available to the engineering community without requiring huge statistical databases to establish internal and external loads distributions for use in reliability analysis. An essential title for anyone working on structural integrity, or composite structures. It will be of equal interest to aerospace engineers and materials scientists working in academia, industry and government.

Collection name: Materials and Mechanical

Table of Contents

* Cover

* Frontmatter

o Half Title Page

o Copyright

o Title Page

o Copyright

o Preface

o Contents

* Chapter 1. Introduction

o 1.1. TRADITIONAL DESIGN IN AEROSPACE

o 1.2. CONVENTIONAL SAFETY IN AEROSPACE

o 1.3. TRENDS IN INNOVATION OF AEROSPACE STRUCTURES

o 1.4. COMPOSITES

* Chapter 2. Structural Design

o 2.1. DAMAGE TOLERANCE

o 2.2. STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY

o 2.3. EXPLICIT DESIGN CONSTRAINTS

o 2.4. UNCERTAINTY IN DESIGN

o 2.5. THE EXTENDED DESIGN PROCESS

* Chapter 3. Structural Safety

o 3.1. PRIMARY DRIVERS

o 3.2. RISK MANAGEMENT

o 3.3. IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY REGULATIONS

o 3.4. UNCERTAINTY, PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS OF DAMAGE TOLERANCE

* Chapter 4. Innovation

o 4.1. SERVICE EXPERIENCE

o 4.2. CRITICALITY

o 4.3. DAMAGE TOLERANCE

o 4.4. INDUCTIVE METHODS

* Chapter 5. Safety Objectives

o 5.1. SAFETY AS A FUNCTION OF TIME

o 5.2. INSPECTION

o 5.3. ACCIDENTAL DAMAGE

o 5.4. DESIGN DATA AND ALLOWABLES

* Chapter 6. Risk Management

o 6.1. UNSAFE STATE

o 6.2. ROLE OF INSPECTIONS

o 6.3. FUNCTION OF TIME AND INSPECTION APPROACH

o 6.4. UNCERTAINTY

* Chapter 7. Trades

o 7.1. IMPACT

o 7.2. DEGRADATION

o 7.3. DAMAGE UNDETECTED AT MAJOR INSPECTIONS

o 7.4. REPAIR

* Chapter 8. Building Block Approach

o 8.1. COMPONENTS AND SCALE-UP

o 8.2. ALLOWABLES

o 8.3. CRITICALITY

o 8.4. CURRENT PRACTICES

o 8.5. FACTORS OF SAFETY

* Chapter 9. Design Scenarios

o 9.1. DAMAGED METAL STRUCTURE

o 9.2. DAMAGED COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

o 9.3. DAMAGE CRITERIA

o 9.4. STRUCTURAL ALLOWABLES

o 9.5. LIMIT LOADS REQUIREMENTS

o 9.6. NEW STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS

* Chapter 10. The Design Process

o 10.1. ULTIMATE STATIC STRENGTH CRITICAL STRUCTURE

o 10.2. DAMAGE GROWTH AND DAMAGE RESISTANCE

o 10.3. DAMAGE TOLERANCE

o 10.4. DISCRETE SOURCE DAMAGE

o 10.5. DESIGN VARIABLES

o 10.6. CRITERIA DAMAGE

o 10.7. CRITICAL DAMAGE TYPE

* Chapter 11. Damage and Detection

o 11.1. FAILED DETECTION

o 11.2. MANUFACTURING DAMAGE

o 11.3. MAINTENANCE DAMAGE

o 11.4. ACCIDENTAL DAMAGE

o 11.5. PROCESS FAILURE, DEGRADATION AND DAMAGE

o 11.6. IN-SERVICE DEGRADATION AND DAMAGE ( AGING )

o 11.7. GROWTH AND DAMAGE

o 11.8. ULTIMATE STRENGTH AND DAMAGE

o 11.9. SAFETY AND DAMAGE

* Chapter 12. Design Philosophy

o 12.1. ULTIMATE STRENGTH CRITICAL DESIGNS

o 12.2. DAMAGE AND RESIDUAL STRENGTH

o 12.3. ALLOWABLE AND DESIGN VALUES

o 12.4. ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN VALUES

o 12.5. DESIGN PHILOSOPHY AND UNCERTAINTY

o 12.6. UNSAFE STATE AND DESIGN

o 12.7. ULTIMATE INTEGRITY AND DESIGN

o 12.8. SURVIVAL PHILOSOPHY

* Chapter 13. Analysis of Design Criteria

o 13.1. VEHICLE OBJECTIVE

o 13.2. OVERALL STRUCTURES OBJECTIVE

o 13.3. PRINCIPAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CRITERIA

o 13.4. ULTIMATE REQUIREMENT

o 13.5. DAMAGE TOLERANCE REQUIREMENTS

o 13.6. INSPECTION CRITERIA

o 13.7. DAMAGE GROWTH RATES CRITERIA

o 13.8. THREAT AND DAMAGE CRITERIA

o 13.9. SAFETY CRITERIA BASELINE

o 13.10. SCALE-UP CRITERIA

o 13.11. FAILURE CRITERIA

o 13.12. MONITORING AND FEEDBACK CRITERIA

o 13.13. OPEN-HOLE COMPRESSION CRITERIA

o 13.14. CRITERIA FOR SAFE DESIGN OF DAMAGED STRUCTURE

* Chapter 14. Design Example

o 14.1. GEOMETRICALLY NON-LINEAR STRUCTURAL DESIGN

o 14.2. FAIL-SAFETY, MATERIAL NON-LINEARITIES AND HYBRID DESIGN

o 14.3. FAIL-SAFE CRITERIA IN DESIGN

o 14.4. STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS AND DESIGN SPACE

o 14.5. CRITICAL DAMAGE TOLERANCE DESIGN

o 14.6. TYPES OF DATA FOR DESIGN

* Chapter 15. Design of Composite Structure

* Appendix

o A. A MODEL OF ULTIMATE INTEGRITY

o B. A COMPARISON BETWEEN METAL AND COMPOSITE PANELS

* References

* Index

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