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The dead interval is the number of seconds that a router& 8217;s Hello packets have not been seen before its neighbors declare the OSPF router down. • & 8230;.

OSPF Design Guide - Section 2 Avoiding DRs and neighbor Command on NBMA OSPF and Route Summarization Stub Areas Redistributing Routes into OSPF Redistributing OSPF into Other Protocols Injecting Defaults into OSPF OSPF Design Tips Summary Avoiding DRs and neighbor Command on NBMA Different methods can be used to avoid the complications of configuring static neighbors and having specific routers becoming DRs or BDRs on the non-broadcast cloud. Specifying which method to use is influenced by whether we are starting the network from scratch or rectifying an already existing design. Point-to-Point Subinterfaces A subinterface is a logical way of defining an interface. The same physical interface can be split into multiple logical interfaces, with each subinterface being defined as point-to-point. This was originally created in order to better handle issues caused by split horizon over NBMA and vector based routing protocols. A point-to-point subinterface has the properties of any physical point-to-point interface. As far as OSPF is concerned, an adjacency is always formed over a point-to-point subinterface with no DR or BDR election. The following is an illustration of point-to-point subinterfaces: In the above diagram, on RTA, we can split Serial 0 into two point-to-point subinterfaces, S0.1 and S0.2. This way, OSPF will consider the cloud as a set of point-to-point links rather than one multi-access network. The only drawback for the point-to-point is that each segment will belong to a different subnet. This might not be acceptable since some administrators have already assigned one IP subnet for the whole cloud.

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