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Stephan Gollasch, “Bridging Divides (Monographiae Biologicae)”

Navigable canals are as old as civilization – the first was constructed in the 6th

century BCE and joined the Nile with the northern Red Sea. Another ancient

canal, the Grand Canal in China, constructed in the 4th century BCE, connected

Peking to Hangzhou, a distance of almost 1000 km. The technological

innovations of the 18th century led to an expansion of the network of navigable

inland waterways, followed in the 19th century and the early part of the 20th

century by the excavation of two interoceanic canals: the Suez Canal opened a

direct route from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indo-Pacific Ocean, and the

Panama Canal afforded passage between the Atlantic and the Eastern Pacific.

Maritime canals dissolve natural barriers to the dispersal of marine organisms,

thus providing them with many opportunities for natural dispersal, as well as for

shipping-mediated transport. The introduction of alien species proved to be one

of the most profound and damaging anthropogenic deeds – involving both

ecological and economic costs. However, until recently marine bioinvasions

were perceived as isolated mishaps. This book is the first to compare the

impacts of the three principal maritime canals – Kiel, Panama, Suez – as

invasion corridor for alien biota. The three differ in their geographic locations,

hydrological regimes, and in their permeability to alien biota.

Globalization and climate change are projected to increase marine bioinvasions

and reduce environmental resistance to invasion of thermophilic biota. Interoceanic

canals offer a unique opportunity to study these processes in “statu

nascendi”. With ample evidence that some maritime canals serve as major

invasion corridor, environmentally-considerate engineering may construct

barriers to preclude future invasions. It is hoped that this book will stimulate

further investigations in this field.

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