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Bacterial Sensing and Signaling

Description: Over the last 10–15 years, the study of how bacteria sense their environment and

respond accordingly has emerged as a focal point in the field of microbiology. Not

surprisingly, the bacterial adaptive response is now described by a panoply of interesting

mechanisms, signals, behaviors, etc., involving everything from the movement

of flagella to the formation social groupings. Bacterial Sensing and Signaling, a volume

of the Karger book series Contributions to Microbiology, was initiated with the hope of

introducing the results of state-of-the-art research from internationally recognized

experts.

Chemical communication is undoubtedly the best-studied mechanism for passing

information between bacterial organisms and coordinating their behavior. As such,

Duan et al. begin the first section of this book with an introduction to the distinct

array of chemical signals that shape bacterial community relationships. Michael

Federle then follows with a description of his work on one such signal, termed autoinducer-

2, with a focus on its role in cell-cell communication (or quorum sensing)

among different bacterial species and the mechanism by which such a signal is transduced

across the bacterial membrane.

In keeping with the theme of signal transduction, Rao and Ordal next present a

comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms by which individual bacteria

sense environmental attractants and repellents and transduce this information to the

flagellar motor to evoke a locomotive response (chemotaxis). Chemotaxis is the most

thoroughly understood bacterial adaptive behavior, and its description serves to

introduce the roles of bacterial two-component and phosphotransferase systems

(PTSs) systems in signal transmission and the processes of receptor multimerization

and methylation that allow response adaptation. The importance of PTSs in the coupling

of sensory and regulatory mechanisms is further pursued by Lengeler and

Jahreis, who describe both the rapid chemotactic responses to carbohydrates and the

delayed responses associated with catabolite repression, as well as the concepts adaptation,

memory, and learning associated with these signaling systems.

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