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In 2002, the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS), Office of Strategic Industries and Economic Security, and the Technology Administration’s Office of Technology Policy (OTP) initiated the first in-depth government assessment of the development and adoption of biotechnology in industry. This assessment was intended to increase national policymakers’ understanding of the current development and use of biotechnology in U.S. industries, and to assist federal statistical agencies in developing measures and statistics of biotechnologyrelated economic activity.

The analysis and findings in this report are largely based on data collected from a survey of more than 3,000 firms engaged in biotechnology-related activities. The findings include the following:

. Firms engaged in biotechnology activities vary greatly in size and scope. They range from small, dedicated biotechnology companies that are R&D-intensive and operate primarily on venture capital, grants, initial public offerings (IPOs) and collaborative agreements, to large, diversified companies that have greater in-house resources and well-established production and distribution systems.

.Larger firms account for the majority of net sales and operating income of businesses with biotech activities, although 90% (917 firms) of survey respondents had 500 or fewer employees. Only 19 firms (2%) reported more than 15,000 employees, while 600 (58%) had fewer than 50.

. Survey respondents that are engaged in biotechnology research, development, and applications reported that in 2001 they had more than 1.1 million employees, total annual net sales of about $567 billion, operating income of $100.5 billion, capital expenditures of $29.5 billion, and R&D expenditures of $ 41.6 billion.

. For 90% of firms, biotech-related business lines accounted for more than 75% of total net sales, employment, and operating income. These companies generally are smaller firms with fewer than 500 employees. For all respondents, biotechnology-related business lines accounted for almost 40% of total R&D expenditures.

. International markets accounted for at least 16% of firms’ biotechnology-related net sales or $8 billion in revenues in 2001. The leading foreign market for biotechnology exports is Europe (56% of export revenues), followed by the Asia/Pacific region (24%). Almost one-quarter of companies indicated that they plan to expand into a foreign market as part of their near-term competitive strategy.

. Patent data underscore the dynamic and rapidly evolving nature of biotechnology. In the last quarter of 2002, companies reported 33,131 pending applications for biotechnology products or processes, compared with 23,992 current portfolio patents.

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