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Literature 四库全书·子部·小说家类·博物志
Posted on 2011-02-11
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《博物志》十卷,旧本题晋张华撰。考王嘉《拾遗记》,称华好观秘异图纬之部,捃采天下遗逸,自书契之始,考验神怪及世间闾里所说,造《博物志》四百卷,奏於武帝。帝诏诘问,卿才综万代,博识无伦,然记事采言,亦多浮妄,可更芟截浮疑,分为十卷云云。是其书作於武帝时。今第四卷物性类中称武帝泰始中武库火,则武帝以后语矣。《书影》有谓《艺文类聚》引《博物志》子贡说社树一条,今本不载者。案此条实在第八卷中,《书影》盖偶然未检。然考裴松之《三国志注·魏志》太祖纪、文帝纪、濊传,《吴志·孙贲传》引《博物志》四条,今本惟有太祖纪所引一条,而佚其前半,馀三条皆无之。又江淹《古铜剑赞》引张华《博物志》曰:铸铜之工,不可复得,惟蜀地羌中时有解者。今本无此语,足证非宋、齐、梁时所见之本。又《唐会要》载显庆三年太常丞吕才奏,案张华《博物志》曰,白雪是泰帝使素女鼓五铉曲名,以其调高,人遂和寡,又张彦远《历代名画记》引张华《博物志》曰,刘褒,汉桓帝时人,曾画云汉图,人见之觉热,又画北风图,人见之觉凉,今本皆无此语。李善注《文选》引张华《博物志》十二条,见今本者九条。其《西京赋》注引王孙公子皆古人相推敬之词一条,《闲居赋注》引张骞使大夏得石榴、李广利为贰师将军伐大宛得蒲陶一条,七命注引橙似橘而非、若柚而有芬香一条,则今本皆无此语。段公路《北户录》引《博物志》五条,见今本者三条。其鸺鹠一名鸡鸺一条,金鱼脑中有麸金出邛婆塞江一条,则今本皆无此语,足证亦非唐人所见之本,《太平广记》引《博物志》郑宏沉酿川一条,赵彦卫《云麓漫钞》引《博物志》黄蓝张骞得自西域一条,今本皆无之。晁公武《读书志》称卷首有理略,后有赞文,今本卷首第一条为地理,称地理略。自魏氏曰以前云云,无所谓理略,赞文惟地理有之,亦不在卷后。又赵与旹《宾退录》称张华《博物志》卷末载湘夫人事,亦误以为尧女,今本此条乃在八卷之首,不在卷末。皆相矛盾,则并非宋人所见之本。或原书散佚,好事者掇取诸书所引《博物志》,而杂采他小说以足之。故证以《艺文类聚》、《太平御览》所引,亦往往相符。其馀为他书所未引者,则大抵剽剟《大戴礼》、《春秋繁露》、《孔子家语》、《本草经》、《山海经》、《拾遗记》、《搜神记》、《异苑》、《西京杂记》、《汉武内传》、《列子》诸书,饾飣成帙,不尽华之原文也。又刘昭《续汉志注·律历志》引《博物记》一条,《舆服志》引《博物记》一条,《五行志》引《博物记》二条,《郡国志》引《博物记》二十九条。《齐东野语》引其中日南野女一条,谓《博物记》当是秦、汉间古书,张华取其名而为志,杨慎《丹铅录》亦称据《后汉书注》,《博物记》乃唐蒙所作。今观裴松之《三国志注》引《博物记》四条,又於《魏志·凉茂传》中引《博物记》一条,灼然二书,更无疑义。此本惟载江河水赤一条,又载汉末关中女子及范明友奴发冢重生,一条而分为两条,又载日南野女一条,讹群行不见夫句为群行见丈夫,讹其状皛且白句为状晶目。其馀三十一条,则悉遗漏。岂非偶於他书见此三条,以博物二字相同,不辨为两书而贸贸采入乎?至於杂说下所载豫章衣冠人有数妇一条,乃《隋书·地理志》之文。唐人所撰,华何自见之?尤杂合成编之明证矣。书中间有附注,或称卢氏,或称周日用。案《文献通考》载周卢注《博物志》十卷,又卢氏注《博物志》六卷,此所载寥寥数条,殆非完本,或亦后人偶为摘附欤?
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