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Literature 四库全书·史部·传记类·庆元党禁
Posted on 2011-01-19
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，《宋史·藝文志》亦不著録，惟見《永樂大典》中題曰“滄洲樵叟撰”，葢與紹興正論均出一人之手。序稱淳熈乙巳，則作於宋理宗十八年也。考黨禁起於寧宗慶元二年八月，弛於嘉泰二年二月，是書之作葢距弛禁時又四十四年矣。宋代忠邪雜進，黨禍相仍，國論喧呶，巳一見於元祐之籍，迨南渡後和議巳成，外憂暫弭，君臣上下熈熈然燕雀處堂，諸儒不鑒前車，又尋覆轍，求名既急，持論彌髙，聲氣交通，賢姦混糅，浮薄詭激之徒，相率攀援，釀成門户，遂使小人乗其瑕隙，又興黨獄，以中之蘭艾同焚，國勢馴至於不振。春秋責備賢者，不能以敗亡之罪，獨諉諸韓侂冑也。且光寧授受之際，趙汝愚等謀及宵人，復處之不得其道，致激成禍變，於謀國尤踈。恭讀御題詩章，於揖盗開門再三致意，垂訓深切，實為千古定評。講學之家，不能復以浮詞他説解矣。書中所錄偽黨共五十九人，如楊萬里嘗以黨禁罷官，而頋未入籍，其去取之故，亦頗難解。然其中宋史有傳者不及十之三四，其他姓名、官籍，史所失載者，多藉此以考見大畧，於論古亦為有禆。至若薛叔似晚嵗改節依附權姦，皇甫斌猥瑣梯榮，僨軍辱國，侂冑既敗之後，又復列名韓黨，與張巖許及之諸人並遭貶謫，隂陽反覆，不可端倪，而其姓名亦並見此書中，豈非趨附者繁梟鸞並集之一證哉！總之，儒者明體逹用，當務潛修，致逺通方，當求實濟，徒博衛道之名，聚徒講學，未有不水火交争，流毒及於宗社者，東漢不鑒戰國之横議，南北部分而東漢亡；北宋不鑒東漢之黨錮，洛蜀黨分而北宋亡；南宋不鑒元祐之敗，偽學禁起而南宋亡；明不鑒慶元之失，東林勢盛而明又亡，皆務彼虚名受其實禍，决裂潰覆之後，執門户之見者，猶從而巧為之詞，非公論也。張端義《貴耳集》曰：“朝廷大患，最怕攻黨，伊川見道之明，不能免焉。淳熈則曰道學，慶元則曰偽黨，深思由來，皆非國家之福。”斯言諒矣。謹恭錄御題冠此書之端，用昭萬年之炯戒，併詳著古來黨禍之由，俾來者無惑焉。
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