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Literature 契诃夫作品选
Posted on 2010-04-28
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契诃夫早期作品多是短篇小说:如《胖子和瘦子》(1883)、《小职员之死》(1883)、《苦恼》(1886)、《凡卡》(1886)(被编入小学六年级下册语文书与北师大版五年级下册语文书),主要再现“小人物”的不幸和软弱、劳动人民的悲惨生活和小市民的庸俗猥琐。而在《变色龙》及《普里希别叶夫中士》(1885)中,作者揭露了忠实维护专制暴政的奴才及其专横跋扈、暴戾恣睢的丑恶嘴脸,揭示出黑暗时代的反动精神特征。1890年,他到政治犯人流放地库页岛考察后,创作出表现重大社会课题的作品,如《第六病室》(1892),猛烈抨击沙皇专制暴政;《带阁楼的房子》(1896),揭露了沙俄社会对人的青春、才能、幸福的毁灭。他的小说短小精悍,简练朴素,结构紧凑,情节生动,笔调幽默,语言明快,寓意深刻。他善于从日常生活中发现具有典型意义的人和事,通过幽默可笑的情节进行艺术概括,塑造出完整的典型形象,以此来反映当时的俄国社会。其代表作《变色龙》《装在套子里的人》,前者成为见风使舵、善于变相、投机钻营者的代名词;后者成为因循守旧、畏首畏尾、害怕变革者的符号象征。
契诃夫创作后期转向戏剧:主要作品有《伊凡诺夫》(1887)、戏剧《海鸥》(1896)、《万尼亚舅舅》(1896)、《三姊妹》(1901)、《樱桃园》(1903),这些作品反映了俄国1905年大革命前夕知识分子的苦闷和追求,大都取材于中等阶级的小人物。其剧作含有浓郁的抒情味和丰富的潜台词,令人回味无穷。 《柳树》 《代表》 《胖子和瘦子》 《在催眠术表演会上》 《坏孩子》 (《小职员之死》《变色龙》(被选入语文书九年级下册)《我的“她”》 《拨萝卜》(仿童话) 《假面》 《牡蛎》 《必要的前奏》 《未婚夫和爸爸》 《小人物》 《预谋犯》 《相识的男人》 《普里希别耶夫中士》 《哀伤》 《苦恼》 《美妙的结局》 《卡什坦卡的故事》 《捉弄》 《歌女》 《在钉子上》 《跳来跳去的女人》 《演说家》 《凡卡》 《外科手术》 《脖子上的安娜》 《乞丐》 《彩票》 《名贵的狗》 《带阁楼的房子》 《出事》 《打赌》 《在流放地》 《夜莺演唱会》 《农民》 《套中人》 《第六病室》 《醋栗》 《姚内奇》 《窝囊》
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