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Literature 大唐西域记
Posted on 2010-04-28
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作者:(唐)玄奘
玄奘到印度取经,前后十九年,行程数万里,历尽艰辛。他计划把自己旅行的情况记述下来,以了解西域各国的政治、经济、地理情况,并教育后人。他与弟子辩机合作,据他的口述,辩机笔录,将西行经过撰成《大唐西域记》共12卷。弟子慧立、彦棕也据玄奘事迹撰成《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》。这两部书从不同角,度记述玄奘西行途中的所见所闻。其中包括玄奘亲身经历的一百一十国以及传闻听说的二十八国的详细情况。《大唐西域记》以行程为经、地理为纬,“推表山川,考采境壤,详国俗之刚柔,系水土之风气”,具体是地理环境、山川走向、气候物产、城市关防、交通道路、种族人口、风土民情,宗教信仰、衣食住行、政治文化等等。这些记载成为研究这些地方和国家古代历史以及当时中西交通的宝贵资料。如关于千泉的介绍:“素叶水城西行四百余里,至千泉。千泉者,地方二百余里,南面雪山,三垂平陆。水土沃润,林树扶疏,暮春之月,杂花若绮,泉池千所,故以名焉”。对其他地区的介绍也是方位准确,距离清楚。如阿旃陀石窟和那烂陀寺就是根据《大唐西域记》提供的线索得以确认。至今对《大唐西域记》的研究已成为一门国际性的学问。 碎叶城和但罗斯城是唐朝在中亚地区的名城,碎叶是唐朝的安西四镇之一,但罗斯以发生唐军与大食军队的激战而闻名。唐朝的史书对两城的介绍甚略,而《大唐西域记》则记述颇详:“清池(咸海)西北行五百里,至素叶水城(碎叶城)。城周六七里,诸国商胡杂居也。土宜糜麦、蒲桃”。“千泉西行百四五十里至**逻私城(但罗斯),城周八九里,诸国商胡杂居也。土宜气序,大同素叶。南行十余里,有小孤城,三百余户,本中国人也。昔为突厥所掠,后遂鸠集同国,共保此城,于中宅居、衣服去就,遂同突厥,言辞仪范,犹存本国”。这两条记载是研究这两城和唐朝与中亚地区交往的重要史料。
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