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Visual FX for Games (Repost)
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Entertainment 心理学的166个效应
Posted on 2010-04-27
|
1阿基米德与酝酿效应
在古希腊，国王让人做了一顶纯金的王冠，但他又怀疑工匠在王冠中掺了银子。可问题是这顶王冠与当初交给金匠的一样重，谁也不知道金匠到底有没有捣鬼。国王把这个难题交给了阿基米德。阿基米德为了解决这个问题冥思苦想,他起初尝试了很多想法，但都失败了。有一天他去洗澡，一边他一边坐进澡盆，以便看到水往外溢，同时感觉身体被轻轻地托起，他突然恍然大悟，运用浮力原理解决了问题。不管是科学家还是一般人，在解决问题的过程中，我们都可以发现“把难题放在一边，放上一段时间，才能得到满意的答案”这一现象。心理学家将其称为“酝酿效应”。阿基米德发现浮力定律就是酝酿效应的经典故事。日常生活中，我们常常会对一个难题束手无策，不知从何入手，这时思维就进入了“酝酿阶段”。直到有一天，当我们抛开面前的问题去做其他的事情时，百思不得其解的答案却突然出现在我们面前，令我们忍不住发出类似阿基米德的惊叹，这时，“酝酿效应”就绽开了“思维之花”，结出了“答案之果”。古代诗词说“山重水复疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”正是这一心理的写照。 心理学家认为，酝酿过程中，存在潜在的意识层面推理，储存在记忆里的相关信息在潜意识里组合，人们之所以在休息的时候突然找到答案，是因为个体消除了前期的心理紧张，忘记了个体前面不正确的、导致僵局的思路，具有了创造性的思维状态。因此，如果你面临一个难题，不妨先把它放在一边，去和朋友散步、喝茶，或许答案真的会“踏破铁鞋无觅处，得来全不费功夫”。
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