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History/Military Троя и троянцы. Боги и герои города-призрака
History/Military The Collapse Of The Democratic Presidential Majority: Realignment, Dealignment, And Electoral Change From Franklin Roosevelt To Bill Clinton (Transforming American Politics)
History/Military Ernesto "Che" Guevara (The Great Hispanic Heritage)
History/Military Luger Accessories
History/Military Congress, Progressive Reform, and the New American State
History/Military Battle in the Baltics 1944-45: The Fighting for Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, a Photographic History
History/Military Native Vote: American Indians, the Voting Rights Act, and the Right to Vote
History/Military The Martinsyde Elephant (Profile Publications Number 200)
History/Military The M.Bloch 151 & 152 (Profile Publications Number 201)
History/Military The Douglas A-20 (7A to Boston III) (Profile Publications Number 202)
History/Military The Heinkel He 162 (Profile Publications Number 203)
History/Military Democracy without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State
History/Military Globalization of Capital and the Nation-State: Imperialism, Class Struggle, and the State in the Age of Global Capitalism
History/Military Performances of the Sacred in Late Medieval and Early Modern England (Repost)
History/Military Demography and Roman Society (Ancient Society and History)
History/Military Reducing Poverty Through Growth And Social Policy Reform in Russia (Directions in Development)
History/Military Screening Politics; The Politician in American Movies, 1931-2001
History/Military Between Self-Determination and Dependency: Jamaica's Foreign Relations 1972-1989
History/Military Political Psychology: Key Readings
History/Military Anglo-Norman Studies 24: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2001
History/Military The Collapse Of The Democratic Presidential Majority: Realignment, Dealignment, And Electoral Change From Franklin Roosevelt To Bill Clinton (Transforming American Politics)
History/Military Ernesto "Che" Guevara (The Great Hispanic Heritage)
History/Military Luger Accessories
History/Military Congress, Progressive Reform, and the New American State
History/Military Battle in the Baltics 1944-45: The Fighting for Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, a Photographic History
History/Military Native Vote: American Indians, the Voting Rights Act, and the Right to Vote
History/Military The Martinsyde Elephant (Profile Publications Number 200)
History/Military The M.Bloch 151 & 152 (Profile Publications Number 201)
History/Military The Douglas A-20 (7A to Boston III) (Profile Publications Number 202)
History/Military The Heinkel He 162 (Profile Publications Number 203)
History/Military Democracy without Competition in Japan: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State
History/Military Globalization of Capital and the Nation-State: Imperialism, Class Struggle, and the State in the Age of Global Capitalism
History/Military Performances of the Sacred in Late Medieval and Early Modern England (Repost)
History/Military Demography and Roman Society (Ancient Society and History)
History/Military Reducing Poverty Through Growth And Social Policy Reform in Russia (Directions in Development)
History/Military Screening Politics; The Politician in American Movies, 1931-2001
History/Military Between Self-Determination and Dependency: Jamaica's Foreign Relations 1972-1989
History/Military Political Psychology: Key Readings
History/Military Anglo-Norman Studies 24: Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2001
Useful Links
History/Military Encountering Chinese Networks: Western, Japanese, and Chinese Corporations in China, 1880-1937
Posted on 2010-03-15
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More Encountering Chinese Networks: Western, Japanese, and Chinese Corporations in China, 1880-1937 Big businesses have faced a persistent dilemma in China since the nineteenth century: how to retain control over corporate hierarchies while adapting to local social networks. Sherman Cochran, in the first study to compare Western, Japanese, and Chinese businesses in Chinese history, shows how various businesses have struggled with this issue as they have adjusted to dramatic changes in Chinese society, politics, and foreign affairs. Cochran devotes a chapter each to six of the biggest business ventures in China before the Communist revolution: two Western-owned companies, Standard Oil and British-American Tobacco Company; two Japanese-owned companies, Mitsui Trading Company and Naigai Cotton Company; and two Chinese-owned firms, Shenxin Cotton Mills and China Match Company. In each case, he notes the businesses' efforts to introduce corporate hierarchies for managing the distribution of goods and the organization of factory workers, and he describes their encounters with a variety of Chinese social networks: tenacious factions of English-speaking compradors and powerful trade associations of non-English-speaking merchants channeling goods into the marketplace; and small cliques of independent labor bosses and big gangs of underworld figures controlling workers in the factories. Drawing upon archival sources and individual interviews, Cochran describes the wide range of approaches that these businesses adopted to deal with Chinese social networks. Each business negotiated its own distinctive relationship with local networks, and as each business learned about marketing goods and managing factory workers in China, it adjusted this relationship. Sometimes it strengthened its hierarchical control over networks and sometimes it delegated authority to networks, but it could not afford to take networks for granted or regard them as static because they, in turn, took their own initiative and made their own adjustments. In this book Cochran calls into question the idea that the spread of capitalism has caused business organizations to converge over time. His cases bring to light numerous organizational forms used by Western, Japanese, and Chinese corporations in China's past, and his conclusions suggest that businesses have experimented with new forms on the basis of their historical experiences--especially their encounters with social networks. Download FREE
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